如果没有任何可用的外部类型命令（在这里是理所当然的），我们可以使用符合POSIX的env-i sh-c“type cmd 1>/dev/null 2>&1”：

# Portable version of Bash's type -P cmd (without output on stdout)
typep() {
   command -p env -i PATH="$PATH" sh -c '
      export LC_ALL=C LANG=C
      cmd="$1"
      cmd="`type "$cmd" 2>/dev/null || { echo "error: command $cmd not found; exiting ..." 1>&2; exit 1; }`"
      [ $? != 0 ] && exit 1
      case "$cmd" in
        *\ /*) exit 0;;
            *) printf "%s\n" "error: $cmd" 1>&2; exit 1;;
      esac
   ' _ "$1" || exit 1
}

# Get your standard $PATH value
#PATH="$(command -p getconf PATH)"
typep ls
typep builtin
typep ls-temp

至少在Mac OS X v10.6.8（雪豹）上，使用Bash 4.2.24（2）命令-vls与移动的/bin/ls温度不匹配。

迟到的回答，但这就是我最后做的。

我只是检查我执行的命令是否返回错误代码。如果返回0，则表示程序已安装。此外，您还可以使用它检查脚本的输出。以这个脚本为例。

foo.sh

#!/bin/bash
echo "hello world"
exit 1 # throw some error code

示例：

# outputs something bad... and exits
bash foo.sh $? -eq 0 || echo "something bad happened. not installed" ; exit 1

# does NOT outputs nothing nor exits because dotnet is installed on my machine
dotnet --version $? -eq 0 || echo "something bad happened. not installed" ; exit 1

基本上，所有这些都是检查命令运行的退出代码。即使命令退出代码不是0，这个问题上最被接受的答案也将返回true。

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

这将根据位置判断程序是否存在：

    if [ -x /usr/bin/yum ]; then
        echo "This is Centos"
    fi

我想回答同样的问题，但要在Makefile中运行。

install:
    @if [[ ! -x "$(shell command -v ghead)" ]]; then \
        echo 'ghead does not exist. Please install it.'; \
        exit -1; \
    fi

我从来没有得到以前的答案来处理我可以访问的盒子。首先，类型已经安装（做更多的事情）。因此需要内置指令。此命令适用于我：

if [ `builtin type -p vim` ]; then echo "TRUE"; else echo "FALSE"; fi