正如这句话所说

__proto__是用于查找链的实际对象 原型是用来构建的对象 当你用new创建一个对象时: (新的Foo)。__proto__ === Foo.prototype; (新的Foo)。原型=== undefined;

我们可以进一步注意到，使用函数构造函数创建的对象的__proto__属性指向相应构造函数的prototype属性所指向的内存位置。

如果我们改变构造函数的prototype的内存位置，派生对象的__proto__仍将继续指向原始地址空间。因此，要使公共属性沿着继承链向下可用，总是将属性附加到构造函数函数原型，而不是重新初始化它(这会改变它的内存地址)。

考虑下面的例子:

function Human(){
    this.speed = 25;
}

var himansh = new Human();

Human.prototype.showSpeed = function(){
    return this.speed;
}

himansh.__proto__ === Human.prototype;  //true
himansh.showSpeed();    //25

//now re-initialzing the Human.prototype aka changing its memory location
Human.prototype = {lhs: 2, rhs:3}

//himansh.__proto__ will still continue to point towards the same original memory location. 

himansh.__proto__ === Human.prototype;  //false
himansh.showSpeed();    //25

简单来说:

> var a = 1
undefined
> a.__proto__
[Number: 0]
> Number.prototype
[Number: 0]
> Number.prototype === a.__proto__
true

这允许你在X类型的对象实例化之后将属性附加到X.prototype，并且它们仍然可以通过javascript引擎使用的__proto__引用访问这些新属性。

__proto__是构造prototype和构造函数的基础，例如:function human(){}拥有prototype，该prototype在构造函数的新实例中通过__proto__共享。这里有更详细的阅读

__proto__是在查找链中用于解析方法的实际对象，prototype是在你用new创建对象时用于构建__proto__的对象:

( new Foo ).__proto__ === Foo.prototype
( new Foo ).prototype === undefined

在JavaScript中，函数可以用作构造函数。这意味着我们可以使用new关键字从它们中创建对象。每个构造函数都带有一个内置对象。这个内置对象称为原型。构造函数的实例使用__proto__来访问其构造函数的prototype属性。

First we created a constructor: function Foo(){}. To be clear, Foo is just another function. But we can create an object from it with the new keyword. That's why we call it the constructor function Every function has a unique property which is called the prototype property. So, Constructor function Foo has a prototype property which points to its prototype, which is Foo.prototype (see image). Constructor functions are themselves a function which is an instance of a system constructor called the [[Function]] constructor. So we can say that function Foo is constructed by a [[Function]] constructor. So, __proto__ of our Foo function will point to the prototype of its constructor, which is Function.prototype. Function.prototype is itself is nothing but an object which is constructed from another system constructor called [[Object]]. So, [[Object]] is the constructor of Function.prototype. So, we can say Function.prototype is an instance of [[Object]]. So __proto__ of Function.prototype points to Object.prototype. Object.prototype is the last man standing in the prototype chain. I mean it has not been constructed. It's already there in the system. So its __proto__ points to null. Now we come to instances of Foo. When we create an instance using new Foo(), it creates a new object which is an instance of Foo. That means Foo is the constructor of these instances. Here we created two instances (x and y). __proto__ of x and y thus points to Foo.prototype.

对于任何想要了解原型继承的人来说，这都是一个非常重要的问题。根据我的理解，默认情况下，当从函数中使用new创建对象时，prototype会被赋值，因为function定义了prototype对象:

function protofoo(){
}
var protofoo1 = new protofoo();
console.log(protofoo.prototype.toString()); //[object Object]

当我们创建一个普通的对象，没有new，即显式地从一个函数，它没有原型，但它有一个空的原型，可以分配一个原型。

var foo={
  check: 10
};
console.log(foo.__proto__); // empty
console.log(bar.prototype); //  TypeError
foo.__proto__ = protofoo1; // assigned
console.log(foo.__proto__); //protofoo

我们可以使用Object。创建以显式链接对象。

// we can create `bar` and link it to `foo`
var bar = Object.create( foo );
bar.fooprops= "We checking prototypes";
console.log(bar.__proto__); // "foo"
console.log(bar.fooprops); // "We checking prototypes"
console.log(bar.check); // 10 is delegated to `foo`