是否有办法在bash上比较这些字符串,例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?
当前回答
### the answer is does we second argument is higher
function _ver_higher {
ver=`echo -ne "$1\n$2" |sort -Vr |head -n1`
if [ "$2" == "$1" ]; then
return 1
elif [ "$2" == "$ver" ]; then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
if _ver_higher $1 $2; then
echo higher
else
echo same or less
fi
它非常简单和小。
其他回答
可能没有普遍正确的方法来实现这一点。如果您正在尝试比较Debian包系统中的版本,请尝试dpkg——compare-versions <first> <relation> <second>。
我不喜欢这些解决方案,因为它们漏洞百出、不可移植等等。
我(目前)努力提出一个更好的解决方案……src: version_compare(),测试
Sorta-copied /贴在这里……
来源:
##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
# + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
# + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
# + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
# + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
# + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
# + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version{1,2}: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare() {
_largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"
# Check for valid responses or bail early
case "$_cmp" in
1|0|2) :;;
*) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
esac
# The easy part
case "$2" in
'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
*) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
esac
return 1
}
##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die() {
# If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
_exit_status="$1"; shift
else
_exit_status=1
fi
printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
exit "$_exit_status"
}
##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
# Value used to separate version components
VERSION_SEPARATOR="${VERSION_SEPARATOR:-.}"
for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
[ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
_die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
done
# Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
_v="$1$2"
_v1="$1"
_s1="${1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
_s1=''
_m1="$_v1"
else
_m1="${1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
_v2="$2"
_s2="${2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
_s2=''
_m2="$_v2"
else
_m2="${2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
# Both are equal
[ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0
# Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 1
elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 2
fi
# Check for invalid
case "$_m1$_m2" in
*[!0-9]*)
_die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
;;
esac
# If a ver_sep is present
if [ "${_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}" != "$_v" ]; then
# Check for a larger "major" version number
[ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
[ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1
# Compare substring components
_largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
else
# Only integers present; simple integer comparison
[ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
[ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
fi
)
测试:
# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
这里有一个支持修订的纯Bash解决方案(例如。“1.0-r1”),答案是基于丹尼斯·威廉姆森(Dennis Williamson)发布的答案。可以很容易地修改它以支持'-RC1'之类的东西,或者通过更改正则表达式从更复杂的字符串中提取版本。
有关实现的详细信息,请参考代码内注释和/或启用包含的调试代码:
#!/bin/bash
# Compare two version strings [$1: version string 1 (v1), $2: version string 2 (v2)]
# Return values:
# 0: v1 == v2
# 1: v1 > v2
# 2: v1 < v2
# Based on: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4025065 by Dennis Williamson
function compare_versions() {
# Trivial v1 == v2 test based on string comparison
[[ "$1" == "$2" ]] && return 0
# Local variables
local regex="^(.*)-r([0-9]*)$" va1=() vr1=0 va2=() vr2=0 len i IFS="."
# Split version strings into arrays, extract trailing revisions
if [[ "$1" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va1=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr1=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va1=($1)
fi
if [[ "$2" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va2=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr2=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va2=($2)
fi
# Bring va1 and va2 to same length by filling empty fields with zeros
(( ${#va1[@]} > ${#va2[@]} )) && len=${#va1[@]} || len=${#va2[@]}
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
[[ -z "${va1[i]}" ]] && va1[i]="0"
[[ -z "${va2[i]}" ]] && va2[i]="0"
done
# Append revisions, increment length
va1+=($vr1)
va2+=($vr2)
len=$((len+1))
# *** DEBUG ***
#echo "TEST: '${va1[@]} (?) ${va2[@]}'"
# Compare version elements, check if v1 > v2 or v1 < v2
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
if (( 10#${va1[i]} > 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 1
elif (( 10#${va1[i]} < 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 2
fi
done
# All elements are equal, thus v1 == v2
return 0
}
# ---------- everything below this line is just for testing ----------
# Test compare_versions [$1: version string 1, $2: version string 2, $3: expected result]
function test_compare_versions() {
local op
compare_versions "$1" "$2"
case $? in
0) op="==" ;;
1) op=">" ;;
2) op="<" ;;
esac
if [[ "$op" == "$3" ]]; then
echo -e "\e[1;32mPASS: '$1 $op $2'\e[0m"
else
echo -e "\e[1;31mFAIL: '$1 $3 $2' (result: '$1 $op $2')\e[0m"
fi
}
echo -e "\nThe following tests should pass:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 ==
2.1 2.2 <
3.0.4.10 3.0.4.2 >
4.08 4.08.01 <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2 >
3.2 3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2 2.1 <
2.1 1.2 >
5.6.7 5.6.7 ==
1.01.1 1.1.1 ==
1.1.1 1.01.1 ==
1 1.0 ==
1.0 1 ==
1.0.2.0 1.0.2 ==
1..0 1.0 ==
1.0 1..0 ==
1.0-r1 1.0-r3 <
1.0-r9 2.0 <
3.0-r15 3.0-r9 >
...-r1 ...-r2 <
2.0-r1 1.9.8.21-r2 >
1.0 3.8.9.32-r <
-r -r3 <
-r3 -r >
-r3 -r3 ==
-r -r ==
0.0-r2 0.0.0.0-r2 ==
1.0.0.0-r2 1.0-r2 ==
0.0.0.1-r7 -r9 >
0.0-r0 0 ==
1.002.0-r6 1.2.0-r7 <
001.001-r2 1.1-r2 ==
5.6.1-r0 5.6.1 ==
EOF
echo -e "\nThe following tests should fail:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1 1 >
3.0.5-r5 3..5-r5 >
4.9.21-r3 4.8.22-r9 <
1.0-r 1.0-r1 ==
-r 1.0-r >
-r1 0.0-r1 <
-r2 0-r2 <
EOF
与其编写冗长的代码使您的生活过于复杂,不如使用一些已经存在的东西。很多时候,当bash不够用时,python可以提供帮助。你仍然可以很容易地从bash脚本调用它(额外的好处:从bash到python的变量替换):
VERSION1=1.2.3
VERSION2=1.2.4
cat <<EOF | python3 | grep -q True
from packaging import version
print(version.parse("$VERSION1") > version.parse("$VERSION2"))
EOF
if [ "$?" == 0 ]; then
echo "$VERSION1 is greater than $VERSION2"
else
echo "$VERSION2 is greater or equal than $VERSION1"
fi
这里有更多信息:如何比较Python中的版本号?
我希望这对某些人有用(使用awk)
#!/bin/bash
available_version=1.2.3 # or online version
this_version=1.2.1
if [[ "ok" == "$(echo | awk "(${available_version} > ${this_version}) { print \"ok\"; }")" ]]; then
echo "Notice, new version is available"
elif [[ "ok" == "$(echo | awk "(${available_version} == ${this_version}) { print \"ok\"; }")" ]]; then
echo "OK, version is up to date"
else
echo "Warning, the current version is ahead of the online version!"
fi