当一个特定的任务有多个算法，而客户端决定在运行时使用的实际实现时，使用策略模式。

来自wiki策略模式文章的UML图:

主要特点:

这是一种行为模式。 它是基于委派的。 它通过修改方法行为来改变对象的内容。 它用来在一系列算法之间切换。 它在运行时改变对象的行为。

参考这篇文章获得更多信息和现实世界的例子:

策略模式的真实例子

状态模式允许对象在其内部状态改变时改变其行为

来自wiki状态模式文章的UML图:

如果我们必须根据对象的状态来改变它的行为，我们可以在object中有一个状态变量，并使用If -else条件块来根据状态执行不同的操作。状态模式用于通过上下文和状态实现提供一种系统的、损失耦合的方式来实现这一点。

有关更多细节，请参阅这篇journaldev文章。

与资源制作和期刊开发文章的主要区别:

The difference between State and Strategy lies with binding time. The Strategy is a bind-once pattern, whereas State is more dynamic. The difference between State and Strategy is in the intent. With Strategy, the choice of algorithm is fairly stable. With State, a change in the state of the "context" object causes it to select from its "palette" of Strategy objects. Context contains state as instance variable and there can be multiple tasks whose implementation can be dependent on the state whereas in strategy pattern strategy is passed as argument to the method and context object doesn’t have any variable to store it.

策略:策略是固定的，通常由几个步骤组成。(排序只构成了一个步骤，因此是一个非常糟糕的例子，因为它太原始了，无法理解此模式的目的)。 策略中的“主”例程调用了一些抽象方法。如。“进入房间策略”，“main-method”是goThroughDoor()，它看起来像:approachDoor()， if (locked()) openLock();openDoor ();enterRoom ();把();closeDoor ();if (wasLocked()) lockDoor();

现在，这个通用“算法”的子类可以实现该算法的步骤，该算法用于通过可能锁着的门从一个房间移动到另一个房间。

换句话说，策略子类化不会改变基本算法，只会改变单个步骤。

上面是一个模板方法模式。现在把属于一起的步骤(解锁/锁定和打开/关闭)放到它们自己的实现对象中，并委托给它们。例如，带钥匙的锁和带码卡的锁是两种锁。将策略委托给“Step”对象。现在您有了一个策略模式。

状态模式是完全不同的东西。

你有一个包装对象和被包装的对象。被包装的是“状态”。状态对象只能通过它的包装器访问。现在您可以随时更改包装对象，因此包装器似乎可以更改其状态，甚至更改其“类”或类型。

E.g. you have a log on service. It accepts a username and a password. It only has one method: logon(String userName, String passwdHash). Instead of deciding for itself whether a log on is accepted or not, it delegates the decision to a state object. That state object usually just checks if the user/pass combination is valid and performs a log on. But now you can exchange the "Checker" by one that only lets priviledged users log on (during maintanace time e.g.) or by one that lets no one log on. That means the "checker" expresses the "log on status" of the system.

最重要的区别是:当你选择了一种策略，你要坚持它，直到你完成它。这意味着你调用它的“主方法”，只要它在运行，你就永远不会改变策略。OTOH在系统运行时的状态模式情况下，您可以随意更改您认为合适的状态。

In Strategy pattern while implementing searching , we can have multiple strategies of searching e.g NaiveStrategy(), KMPStrategy() or RabinKarp() Strategy. These are all independent and there are somewhat stable choices. And most important, strategies can't shift from one another. Only Context is able to change strategies. State Pattern on the other hand is based on concept of Finite-State Machines. The states can transition from one another. Here states are less stable as compared to the strategies. And one thing, each concrete state maintains a reference to context and hence is able to transition to another state.

因此，关键在于在策略中，只有上下文可以设置策略，而在状态模式下，状态可以转换到其他状态。在策略模式中，策略彼此不知道。而在状态模式中，状态并不是不知道彼此，并且在它们维护对上下文对象的引用时允许转换。

“策略使这些对象完全独立，彼此不知道。然而，State不限制具体状态之间的依赖关系，允许它们随意改变上下文的状态。”

参考资料:https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/strategy

The Strategy pattern is really about having a different implementation that accomplishes (basically) the same thing, so that one implementation can replace the other as the strategy requires. For example, you might have different sorting algorithms in a strategy pattern. The callers to the object does not change based on which strategy is being employed, but regardless of strategy the goal is the same (sort the collection). The State pattern is about doing different things based on the state, while leaving the caller relieved from the burden of accommodating every possible state. So for example you might have a getStatus() method that will return different statuses based on the state of the object, but the caller of the method doesn't have to be coded differently to account for each potential state.

这两种模式都用于改变对象的行为，

按照设计，状态模式对象只有一个状态，对象的行为基于实现的单个状态(类)及其子类。

相反，策略没有单一的状态，对象的行为是由不同策略对象的实现决定的。

当一个特定的任务有多个算法，而客户端决定在运行时使用的实际实现时，使用策略模式。

来自wiki策略模式文章的UML图:

主要特点:

这是一种行为模式。 它是基于委派的。 它通过修改方法行为来改变对象的内容。 它用来在一系列算法之间切换。 它在运行时改变对象的行为。

参考这篇文章获得更多信息和现实世界的例子:

策略模式的真实例子

状态模式允许对象在其内部状态改变时改变其行为

来自wiki状态模式文章的UML图:

如果我们必须根据对象的状态来改变它的行为，我们可以在object中有一个状态变量，并使用If -else条件块来根据状态执行不同的操作。状态模式用于通过上下文和状态实现提供一种系统的、损失耦合的方式来实现这一点。

有关更多细节，请参阅这篇journaldev文章。

与资源制作和期刊开发文章的主要区别:

The difference between State and Strategy lies with binding time. The Strategy is a bind-once pattern, whereas State is more dynamic. The difference between State and Strategy is in the intent. With Strategy, the choice of algorithm is fairly stable. With State, a change in the state of the "context" object causes it to select from its "palette" of Strategy objects. Context contains state as instance variable and there can be multiple tasks whose implementation can be dependent on the state whereas in strategy pattern strategy is passed as argument to the method and context object doesn’t have any variable to store it.