我需要在平面文件中存储多维数据关联数组，以便进行缓存。我可能偶尔会遇到需要将其转换为JSON以在我的web应用程序中使用，但绝大多数情况下，我将直接在PHP中使用数组。
在这个文本文件中将数组存储为JSON还是PHP序列化数组更有效?我查看了一下，似乎在最新版本的PHP(5.3)中，json_decode实际上比反序列化更快。
我目前倾向于将数组存储为JSON，因为我觉得如果有必要的话，它更容易被人阅读，它可以在PHP和JavaScript中使用，而且从我所读到的，它甚至可能更快地解码(虽然不确定编码)。
有人知道有什么陷阱吗?有人有好的基准来显示这两种方法的性能优势吗?
当前回答
我建议您使用超级缓存，这是一种不使用json_encode或序列化的文件缓存机制。与其他PHP缓存机制相比，它使用简单，速度非常快。
https://packagist.org/packages/smart-php/super-cache
Ex:
<?php
require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
use SuperCache\SuperCache as sCache;
//Saving cache value with a key
// sCache::cache('<key>')->set('<value>');
sCache::cache('myKey')->set('Key_value');
//Retrieving cache value with a key
echo sCache::cache('myKey')->get();
?>
其他回答
这取决于你的优先级。
如果性能是你的绝对驾驶特点，那么无论如何要用最快的。在你做出选择之前，一定要充分了解它们之间的差异
Unlike serialize() you need to add extra parameter to keep UTF-8 characters untouched: json_encode($array, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) (otherwise it converts UTF-8 characters to Unicode escape sequences). JSON will have no memory of what the object's original class was (they are always restored as instances of stdClass). You can't leverage __sleep() and __wakeup() with JSON By default, only public properties are serialized with JSON. (in PHP>=5.4 you can implement JsonSerializable to change this behavior). JSON is more portable
可能还有其他一些不同之处，我现在想不出来。
一个简单的速度测试来比较两者
<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// Make a big, honkin test array
// You may need to adjust this depth to avoid memory limit errors
$testArray = fillArray(0, 5);
// Time json encoding
$start = microtime(true);
json_encode($testArray);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
echo "JSON encoded in $jsonTime seconds\n";
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
serialize($testArray);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
echo "PHP serialized in $serializeTime seconds\n";
// Compare them
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
printf("json_encode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than serialize()\n", ($serializeTime / $jsonTime - 1) * 100);
}
else if ($serializeTime < $jsonTime ) {
printf("serialize() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_encode()\n", ($jsonTime / $serializeTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
echo "Impossible!\n";
}
function fillArray( $depth, $max ) {
static $seed;
if (is_null($seed)) {
$seed = array('a', 2, 'c', 4, 'e', 6, 'g', 8, 'i', 10);
}
if ($depth < $max) {
$node = array();
foreach ($seed as $key) {
$node[$key] = fillArray($depth + 1, $max);
}
return $node;
}
return 'empty';
}
在你做出最终决定之前，请注意JSON格式对于关联数组是不安全的——json_decode()将它们作为对象返回:
$config = array(
'Frodo' => 'hobbit',
'Gimli' => 'dwarf',
'Gandalf' => 'wizard',
);
print_r($config);
print_r(json_decode(json_encode($config)));
输出是:
Array
(
[Frodo] => hobbit
[Gimli] => dwarf
[Gandalf] => wizard
)
stdClass Object
(
[Frodo] => hobbit
[Gimli] => dwarf
[Gandalf] => wizard
)
Y刚刚测试了serialized和json的encode和decode，加上它将把字符串存储的大小。
JSON encoded in 0.067085981369 seconds. Size (1277772)
PHP serialized in 0.12110209465 seconds. Size (1955548)
JSON decode in 0.22470498085 seconds
PHP serialized in 0.211947917938 seconds
json_encode() was roughly 80.52% faster than serialize()
unserialize() was roughly 6.02% faster than json_decode()
JSON string was roughly 53.04% smaller than Serialized string
我们可以得出结论，JSON编码更快，结果字符串更小，但unserialize解码字符串更快。
首先，我修改了脚本，做了更多的基准测试(也做了1000次而不是1次):
<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// Make a big, honkin test array
// You may need to adjust this depth to avoid memory limit errors
$testArray = fillArray(0, 5);
$totalJsonTime = 0;
$totalSerializeTime = 0;
$totalJsonWins = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
// Time json encoding
$start = microtime(true);
$json = json_encode($testArray);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJsonTime += $jsonTime;
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
$serial = serialize($testArray);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalSerializeTime += $serializeTime;
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
$totalJsonWins++;
}
}
$totalSerializeWins = 1000 - $totalJsonWins;
// Compare them
if ($totalJsonTime < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_encode() (wins: $totalJsonWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than serialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJsonTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("serialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_encode()\n", ($totalJsonTime / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
$totalJsonTime = 0;
$totalJson2Time = 0;
$totalSerializeTime = 0;
$totalJsonWins = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
// Time json decoding
$start = microtime(true);
$orig = json_decode($json, true);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJsonTime += $jsonTime;
$start = microtime(true);
$origObj = json_decode($json);
$jsonTime2 = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJson2Time += $jsonTime2;
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
$unserial = unserialize($serial);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalSerializeTime += $serializeTime;
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
$totalJsonWins++;
}
}
$totalSerializeWins = 1000 - $totalJsonWins;
// Compare them
if ($totalJsonTime < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_decode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than unserialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJsonTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("unserialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_decode()\n", ($totalJsonTime / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
// Compare them
if ($totalJson2Time < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_decode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than unserialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJson2Time - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("unserialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than array json_decode()\n", ($totalJson2Time / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
function fillArray( $depth, $max ) {
static $seed;
if (is_null($seed)) {
$seed = array('a', 2, 'c', 4, 'e', 6, 'g', 8, 'i', 10);
}
if ($depth < $max) {
$node = array();
foreach ($seed as $key) {
$node[$key] = fillArray($depth + 1, $max);
}
return $node;
}
return 'empty';
}
我使用PHP 7的这个版本:
PHP 7.0.14 (cli)(已构建:2017年1月18日19:13:23)(NTS)版权所有(c) PHP Group Zend Engine v3.0.0，版权所有(c) 1998-2016 Zend技术 与Zend OPcache v7.0.14，版权(c) 1999-2016，由Zend Technologies
我的结果是:
Serialize()(胜:999)比json_encode()快大约10.98% Unserialize()(胜:987)大约比json_decode()快33.26% Unserialize()(胜:987)大约比array快48.35% json_decode ()
显然，序列化/反序列化是最快的方法，而json_encode/decode是最可移植的方法。
如果您考虑这样一个场景:您读/写序列化数据的次数是向非php系统发送数据或从非php系统接收数据的次数的10倍或更多，那么就时间而言，最好还是使用序列化/反序列化，并在序列化之前使用json_encode或json_decode。
我也做了一个小的基准测试。结果是一样的。但是我需要解码性能。我注意到，就像上面几个人说的，unserialize比json_decode快。反序列化大约占用json_decode时间的60-70%。所以结论很简单: 当需要编码时的性能时，使用json_encode，当需要解码时的性能时，使用unserialize。因为你不能合并这两个功能，你必须做出选择，你需要更多的性能。
我在pseudo中的基准:
用一些随机键和值定义数组$arr 对于x < 100;x + +;序列化和json_encode $arr的array_rand 对于y < 1000;y + +;Json_decode json编码的string - calc时间 对于y < 1000;y + +;取消序列化的string - calc时间 回声更快的结果
平均而言:unserialize赢得了96次胜过json_decode的4次。平均约1.5ms超过2.5ms。
