我有一个Python脚本，它把一个整数列表作为输入，我需要一次处理四个整数。不幸的是，我无法控制输入，否则我将它作为一个四元素元组列表传入。目前，我以这种方式迭代它:
for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):
# dummy op for example code
foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]
不过，它看起来很像“C-think”，这让我怀疑有一种更python的方式来处理这种情况。该列表在迭代后被丢弃，因此不需要保留。也许这样会更好?
while ints:
foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]
ints[0:4] = []
不过，感觉还是不太对。: - /
相关问题:在Python中如何将列表分割成大小均匀的块?
当前回答
这个答案拆分了一个字符串列表，f.ex。达到符合pep8线长的要求:
def split(what, target_length=79):
'''splits list of strings into sublists, each
having string length at most 79'''
out = [[]]
while what:
if len("', '".join(out[-1])) + len(what[0]) < target_length:
out[-1].append(what.pop(0))
else:
if not out[-1]: # string longer than target_length
out[-1] = [what.pop(0)]
out.append([])
return out
使用
>>> split(['deferred_income', 'long_term_incentive', 'restricted_stock_deferred', 'shared_receipt_with_poi', 'loan_advances', 'from_messages', 'other', 'director_fees', 'bonus', 'total_stock_value', 'from_poi_to_this_person', 'from_this_person_to_poi', 'restricted_stock', 'salary', 'total_payments', 'exercised_stock_options'], 75)
[['deferred_income', 'long_term_incentive', 'restricted_stock_deferred'], ['shared_receipt_with_poi', 'loan_advances', 'from_messages', 'other'], ['director_fees', 'bonus', 'total_stock_value', 'from_poi_to_this_person'], ['from_this_person_to_poi', 'restricted_stock', 'salary', 'total_payments'], ['exercised_stock_options']]
其他回答
如果列表很大，执行效率最高的方法是使用生成器:
def get_chunk(iterable, chunk_size):
result = []
for item in iterable:
result.append(item)
if len(result) == chunk_size:
yield tuple(result)
result = []
if len(result) > 0:
yield tuple(result)
for x in get_chunk([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], 3):
print x
(1, 2, 3)
(4, 5, 6)
(7, 8, 9)
(10,)
使用map()而不是zip()修复填充问题在J.F.塞巴斯蒂安的回答:
>>> def chunker(iterable, chunksize):
... return map(None,*[iter(iterable)]*chunksize)
例子:
>>> s = '1234567890'
>>> chunker(s, 3)
[('1', '2', '3'), ('4', '5', '6'), ('7', '8', '9'), ('0', None, None)]
>>> chunker(s, 4)
[('1', '2', '3', '4'), ('5', '6', '7', '8'), ('9', '0', None, None)]
>>> chunker(s, 5)
[('1', '2', '3', '4', '5'), ('6', '7', '8', '9', '0')]
如果列表大小相同，可以使用zip()将它们组合成4元组列表。例如:
# Four lists of four elements each.
l1 = range(0, 4)
l2 = range(4, 8)
l3 = range(8, 12)
l4 = range(12, 16)
for i1, i2, i3, i4 in zip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
...
下面是zip()函数生成的内容:
>>> print l1
[0, 1, 2, 3]
>>> print l2
[4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> print l3
[8, 9, 10, 11]
>>> print l4
[12, 13, 14, 15]
>>> print zip(l1, l2, l3, l4)
[(0, 4, 8, 12), (1, 5, 9, 13), (2, 6, 10, 14), (3, 7, 11, 15)]
如果列表很大，并且您不想将它们组合成一个更大的列表，请使用itertools.izip()，它会生成一个迭代器，而不是一个列表。
from itertools import izip
for i1, i2, i3, i4 in izip(l1, l2, l3, l4):
...
这个答案拆分了一个字符串列表，f.ex。达到符合pep8线长的要求:
def split(what, target_length=79):
'''splits list of strings into sublists, each
having string length at most 79'''
out = [[]]
while what:
if len("', '".join(out[-1])) + len(what[0]) < target_length:
out[-1].append(what.pop(0))
else:
if not out[-1]: # string longer than target_length
out[-1] = [what.pop(0)]
out.append([])
return out
使用
>>> split(['deferred_income', 'long_term_incentive', 'restricted_stock_deferred', 'shared_receipt_with_poi', 'loan_advances', 'from_messages', 'other', 'director_fees', 'bonus', 'total_stock_value', 'from_poi_to_this_person', 'from_this_person_to_poi', 'restricted_stock', 'salary', 'total_payments', 'exercised_stock_options'], 75)
[['deferred_income', 'long_term_incentive', 'restricted_stock_deferred'], ['shared_receipt_with_poi', 'loan_advances', 'from_messages', 'other'], ['director_fees', 'bonus', 'total_stock_value', 'from_poi_to_this_person'], ['from_this_person_to_poi', 'restricted_stock', 'salary', 'total_payments'], ['exercised_stock_options']]
我希望通过将迭代器从列表中删除，我不是简单地复制列表的一部分。生成器可以被切片，它们将自动仍然是一个生成器，而列表将被切片成1000个条目的大块，这是较低的效率。
def iter_group(iterable, batch_size:int):
length = len(iterable)
start = batch_size*-1
end = 0
while(end < length):
start += batch_size
end += batch_size
if type(iterable) == list:
yield (iterable[i] for i in range(start,min(length-1,end)))
else:
yield iterable[start:end]
用法:
items = list(range(1,1251))
for item_group in iter_group(items, 1000):
for item in item_group:
print(item)
