我不喜欢在(超过)10年前的火灾中添加另一个日志，但我也会检查dotwiz库，它是我最近发布的——实际上就在今年。

它是一个相对较小的库，在基准测试中，它在get(访问)和设置(创建)时间方面也表现得非常好，至少与其他备选方案相比是这样。

通过pip安装dotwiz

pip install dotwiz

它能做你想让它做的所有事情，并继承dict的子类，所以它的操作就像一个普通的字典:

from dotwiz import DotWiz

dw = DotWiz()
dw.hello = 'world'
dw.hello
dw.hello += '!'
# dw.hello and dw['hello'] now both return 'world!'
dw.val = 5
dw.val2 = 'Sam'

最重要的是，你可以将它转换为dict对象:

d = dw.to_dict()
dw = DotWiz(d) # automatic conversion in constructor

这意味着如果你想访问的东西已经是dict形式的，你可以把它变成一个dotwz来方便访问:

import json
json_dict = json.loads(text)
data = DotWiz(json_dict)
print data.location.city

最后，我正在做的一些令人兴奋的事情是一个现有的特性请求，这样它就会自动创建新的子DotWiz实例，这样你就可以做这样的事情:

dw = DotWiz()
dw['people.steve.age'] = 31

dw
# ✫(people=✫(steve=✫(age=31)))

与点图比较

我在下面添加了一个快速而粗略的性能比较。

首先，用pip安装两个库:

pip install dotwiz dotmap

为了进行基准测试，我编写了以下代码:

from timeit import timeit

from dotwiz import DotWiz
from dotmap import DotMap


d = {'hey': {'so': [{'this': {'is': {'pretty': {'cool': True}}}}]}}

dw = DotWiz(d)
# ✫(hey=✫(so=[✫(this=✫(is=✫(pretty={'cool'})))]))

dm = DotMap(d)
# DotMap(hey=DotMap(so=[DotMap(this=DotMap(is=DotMap(pretty={'cool'})))]))

assert dw.hey.so[0].this['is'].pretty.cool == dm.hey.so[0].this['is'].pretty.cool

n = 100_000

print('dotwiz (create):  ', round(timeit('DotWiz(d)', number=n, globals=globals()), 3))
print('dotmap (create):  ', round(timeit('DotMap(d)', number=n, globals=globals()), 3))
print('dotwiz (get):  ', round(timeit("dw.hey.so[0].this['is'].pretty.cool", number=n, globals=globals()), 3))
print('dotmap (get):  ', round(timeit("dm.hey.so[0].this['is'].pretty.cool", number=n, globals=globals()), 3))

结果，在我的M1 Mac上运行Python 3.10:

dotwiz (create):   0.189
dotmap (create):   1.085
dotwiz (get):   0.014
dotmap (get):   0.335

这是我对@derek73的回答。我用字典。__getitem__作为__getattr__，因此它仍然抛出KeyError，并且im重命名字典公共方法以“”前缀(“”包围导致特殊方法名称冲突，如__get__将被视为一个描述符方法)。无论如何，由于关键的dict基方法，您无法将键作为属性获得完全清晰的命名空间，因此解决方案并不完美，但您可以拥有键属性，如get, pop, items等。

class DotDictMeta(type):                                                          
    def __new__(                                                                  
        cls,                                                                      
        name,                                                                     
        bases,                                                                    
        attrs,                                         
        rename_method=lambda n: f'__{n}__',                            
        **custom_methods,                                                         
    ):                                                                            
        d = dict                                                                  
        attrs.update(                                                             
            cls.get_hidden_or_renamed_methods(rename_method),           
            __getattr__=d.__getitem__,                                            
            __setattr__=d.__setitem__,                                            
            __delattr__=d.__delitem__,                                            
            **custom_methods,                                                     
        )                                                                         
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)                           
                                                                                  
    def __init__(self, name, bases, attrs, **_):                                  
        super().__init__(name, bases, attrs)                                      
                                                                                  
    @property                                                                     
    def attribute_error(self):                                                    
        raise AttributeError                                                      
                                                                                  
    @classmethod                                                                  
    def get_hidden_or_renamed_methods(cls, rename_method=None):                  
        public_methods = tuple(                                                   
            i for i in dict.__dict__.items() if not i[0].startswith('__')         
        )                                                                         
        error = cls.attribute_error                                               
        hidden_methods = ((k, error) for k, v in public_methods)                  
        yield from hidden_methods                                                 
        if rename_method:                                                       
            renamed_methods = ((rename_method(k), v) for k, v in public_methods) 
            yield from renamed_methods                                             
                                                                                  
                                                                                  
class DotDict(dict, metaclass=DotDictMeta):                                       
    pass  

                                                                    
                                                                              

你可以从DotDict命名空间中删除dict方法，并继续使用dict类方法，当你想操作其他dict实例并希望使用相同的方法而不需要额外检查它是否为DotDict时，它也很有用。

dct = dict(a=1)
dot_dct = DotDict(b=2)
foo = {c: i for i, c in enumerate('xyz')}
for d in (dct, dot_dct):
    # you would have to use dct.update and dot_dct.__update methods
    dict.update(d, foo)
    
assert dict.get(dot, 'foo', 0) is 0

我喜欢Munch，它提供了很多方便的选项在点访问。

进口蒙克 Temp_1 = {'person': {' fname': 'senthil'， 'lname': 'ramalingam'}} Dict_munch = munch.munchify(temp_1) dict_munch.person.fname

获得点访问(但不是数组访问)的一个简单方法是在Python中使用一个普通对象。是这样的:

class YourObject:
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        for k, v in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, k, v)

.．.像这样使用它:

>>> obj = YourObject(key="value")
>>> print(obj.key)
"value"

．.． 把它转换成字典:

>>> print(obj.__dict__)
{"key": "value"}

不是对OP问题的直接回答，但受到启发，也许对一些人有用。我已经创建了一个基于对象的解决方案使用内部__dict__(在任何方式优化代码)

payload = {
    "name": "John",
    "location": {
        "lat": 53.12312312,
        "long": 43.21345112
    },
    "numbers": [
        {
            "role": "home",
            "number": "070-12345678"
        },
        {
            "role": "office",
            "number": "070-12345679"
        }
    ]
}


class Map(object):
    """
    Dot style access to object members, access raw values
    with an underscore e.g.

    class Foo(Map):
        def foo(self):
            return self.get('foo') + 'bar'

    obj = Foo(**{'foo': 'foo'})

    obj.foo => 'foobar'
    obj._foo => 'foo'

    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        for arg in args:
            if isinstance(arg, dict):
                for k, v in arg.iteritems():
                    self.__dict__[k] = v
                    self.__dict__['_' + k] = v

        if kwargs:
            for k, v in kwargs.iteritems():
                self.__dict__[k] = v
                self.__dict__['_' + k] = v

    def __getattribute__(self, attr):
        if hasattr(self, 'get_' + attr):
            return object.__getattribute__(self, 'get_' + attr)()
        else:
            return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)

    def get(self, key):
        try:
            return self.__dict__.get('get_' + key)()
        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
            return self.__dict__.get(key)

    def __repr__(self):
        return u"<{name} object>".format(
            name=self.__class__.__name__
        )


class Number(Map):
    def get_role(self):
        return self.get('role')

    def get_number(self):
        return self.get('number')


class Location(Map):
    def get_latitude(self):
        return self.get('lat') + 1

    def get_longitude(self):
        return self.get('long') + 1


class Item(Map):
    def get_name(self):
        return self.get('name') + " Doe"

    def get_location(self):
        return Location(**self.get('location'))

    def get_numbers(self):
        return [Number(**n) for n in self.get('numbers')]


# Tests

obj = Item({'foo': 'bar'}, **payload)

assert type(obj) == Item
assert obj._name == "John"
assert obj.name == "John Doe"
assert type(obj.location) == Location
assert obj.location._lat == 53.12312312
assert obj.location._long == 43.21345112
assert obj.location.latitude == 54.12312312
assert obj.location.longitude == 44.21345112

for n in obj.numbers:
    assert type(n) == Number
    if n.role == 'home':
        assert n.number == "070-12345678"
    if n.role == 'office':
        assert n.number == "070-12345679"

基于Kugel的回答，并考虑到Mike Graham的警告，如果我们制作一个包装器呢?

class DictWrap(object):
  """ Wrap an existing dict, or create a new one, and access with either dot 
    notation or key lookup.

    The attribute _data is reserved and stores the underlying dictionary.
    When using the += operator with create=True, the empty nested dict is 
    replaced with the operand, effectively creating a default dictionary
    of mixed types.

    args:
      d({}): Existing dict to wrap, an empty dict is created by default
      create(True): Create an empty, nested dict instead of raising a KeyError

    example:
      >>>dw = DictWrap({'pp':3})
      >>>dw.a.b += 2
      >>>dw.a.b += 2
      >>>dw.a['c'] += 'Hello'
      >>>dw.a['c'] += ' World'
      >>>dw.a.d
      >>>print dw._data
      {'a': {'c': 'Hello World', 'b': 4, 'd': {}}, 'pp': 3}

  """

  def __init__(self, d=None, create=True):
    if d is None:
      d = {}
    supr = super(DictWrap, self)  
    supr.__setattr__('_data', d)
    supr.__setattr__('__create', create)

  def __getattr__(self, name):
    try:
      value = self._data[name]
    except KeyError:
      if not super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create'):
        raise
      value = {}
      self._data[name] = value

    if hasattr(value, 'items'):
      create = super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create')
      return DictWrap(value, create)
    return value

  def __setattr__(self, name, value):
    self._data[name] = value  

  def __getitem__(self, key):
    try:
      value = self._data[key]
    except KeyError:
      if not super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create'):
        raise
      value = {}
      self._data[key] = value

    if hasattr(value, 'items'):
      create = super(DictWrap, self).__getattribute__('__create')
      return DictWrap(value, create)
    return value

  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
    self._data[key] = value

  def __iadd__(self, other):
    if self._data:
      raise TypeError("A Nested dict will only be replaced if it's empty")
    else:
      return other