我的程序在后台线程中执行一些网络活动。在开始之前,它会弹出一个进度对话框。该对话框在处理程序上被解除。这一切都很好,除了当对话框打开时屏幕方向发生变化(背景线程正在运行)。此时,应用程序要么崩溃,要么死锁,要么进入一个奇怪的阶段,在所有线程被杀死之前,应用程序根本无法工作。
我如何处理屏幕方向的变化优雅?
下面的示例代码大致匹配我的实际程序:
public class MyAct extends Activity implements Runnable {
public ProgressDialog mProgress;
// UI has a button that when pressed calls send
public void send() {
mProgress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please wait",
"Please wait",
true, true);
Thread thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
}
public void run() {
Thread.sleep(10000);
Message msg = new Message();
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
mProgress.dismiss();
}
};
}
栈:
E/WindowManager( 244): Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager( 244): android.view.WindowLeaked: Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.ViewRoot.<init>(ViewRoot.java:178)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:147)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:90)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.Window$LocalWindowManager.addView(Window.java:393)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:212)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:103)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:91)
E/WindowManager( 244): at MyAct.send(MyAct.java:294)
E/WindowManager( 244): at MyAct$4.onClick(MyAct.java:174)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2129)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:3543)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.widget.TextView.onTouchEvent(TextView.java:4664)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:3198)
我已经尝试在onSaveInstanceState中取消进度对话框,但这只是防止了立即崩溃。背景线程仍在运行,UI处于部分绘制状态。需要在它重新开始工作之前杀死整个应用程序。
我也遇到过同样的问题。我的活动需要从一个URL解析一些数据,它很慢。所以我创建了一个线程来完成这个任务,然后显示一个进度对话框。当线程完成时,我让线程通过处理程序发布消息回UI线程。在处理程序。handleMessage,我从线程获得数据对象(现在准备好了),并将其填充到UI。这和你的例子很相似。
经过反复试验,我似乎找到了解决办法。至少现在我可以在任何时候旋转屏幕,在线程完成之前或之后。在所有测试中,对话框都是正确关闭的,所有行为都符合预期。
我所做的如下所示。目标是填充我的数据模型(mDataObject),然后将其填充到UI。应该允许屏幕旋转在任何时候没有意外。
class MyActivity {
private MyDataObject mDataObject = null;
private static MyThread mParserThread = null; // static, or make it singleton
OnCreate() {
...
Object retained = this.getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
if(retained != null) {
// data is already completely obtained before config change
// by my previous self.
// no need to create thread or show dialog at all
mDataObject = (MyDataObject) retained;
populateUI();
} else if(mParserThread != null && mParserThread.isAlive()){
// note: mParserThread is a static member or singleton object.
// config changed during parsing in previous instance. swap handler
// then wait for it to finish.
mParserThread.setHandler(new MyHandler());
} else {
// no data and no thread. likely initial run
// create thread, show dialog
mParserThread = new MyThread(..., new MyHandler());
mParserThread.start();
showDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
}
// http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/02/faster-screen-orientation-change.html
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
// my future self can get this without re-downloading
// if it's already ready.
return mDataObject;
}
// use Activity.showDialog instead of ProgressDialog.show
// so the dialog can be automatically managed across config change
@Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
// show progress dialog here
}
// inner class of MyActivity
private class MyHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(msg) {
mDataObject = mParserThread.getDataObject();
populateUI();
dismissDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread {
Handler mHandler;
MyDataObject mDataObject;
// constructor with handler param
public MyHandler(..., Handler h) {
...
mHandler = h;
}
public void setHandler(Handler h) { mHandler = h; } // for handler swapping after config change
public MyDataObject getDataObject() { return mDataObject; } // return data object (completed) to caller
public void run() {
mDataObject = new MyDataObject();
// do the lengthy task to fill mDataObject with data
lengthyTask(mDataObject);
// done. notify activity
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0); // tell activity: i'm ready. come pick up the data.
}
}
这对我来说很有效。我不知道这是否是Android设计的“正确”方法——他们声称这种“在屏幕旋转期间破坏/重建活动”实际上使事情变得更简单,所以我猜这应该不是太棘手。
如果您在我的代码中发现问题,请告诉我。如上所述,我真的不知道是否有任何副作用。
我有一个实现,允许活动在屏幕方向改变上被销毁,但仍然在重新创建的活动中成功地销毁对话框。
我用…NonConfigurationInstance将后台任务附加到重新创建的活动。
正常的Android框架处理重新创建对话框本身,没有任何改变。
我子类化了AsyncTask,为“拥有”活动添加了一个字段,以及一个更新这个所有者的方法。
class MyBackgroundTask extends AsyncTask<...> {
MyBackgroundTask (Activity a, ...) {
super();
this.ownerActivity = a;
}
public void attach(Activity a) {
ownerActivity = a;
}
protected void onPostExecute(Integer result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
ownerActivity.dismissDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
...
}
在我的活动类中,我添加了一个字段backgroundTask引用'owned' backgroundTask,我使用onRetainNonConfigurationInstance和getLastNonConfigurationInstance更新这个字段。
class MyActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
if (getLastNonConfigurationInstance() != null) {
backgroundTask = (MyBackgroundTask) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
backgroundTask.attach(this);
}
}
void startBackgroundTask() {
backgroundTask = new MyBackgroundTask(this, ...);
showDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
backgroundTask.execute(...);
}
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
if (backgroundTask != null && backgroundTask.getStatus() != Status.FINISHED)
return backgroundTask;
return null;
}
...
}
进一步改进建议:
在任务完成后,清除活动中的backgroundTask引用以释放与之关联的所有内存或其他资源。
在活动被销毁之前,清除后台任务中的ownerActivity引用,以防它不会立即被重新创建。
创建一个BackgroundTask接口和/或集合,以允许不同类型的任务从相同的活动中运行。
我也遇到过同样的情况。我所做的就是在整个应用程序中只获取一个进度对话框的实例。
首先,我创建了一个DialogSingleton类来只获得一个实例(Singleton模式)
public class DialogSingleton
{
private static Dialog dialog;
private static final Object mLock = new Object();
private static DialogSingleton instance;
private DialogSingleton()
{
}
public static DialogSingleton GetInstance()
{
synchronized (mLock)
{
if(instance == null)
{
instance = new DialogSingleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
public void DialogShow(Context context, String title)
{
if(!((Activity)context).isFinishing())
{
dialog = new ProgressDialog(context, 2);
dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
dialog.setTitle(title);
dialog.show();
}
}
public void DialogDismiss(Context context)
{
if(!((Activity)context).isFinishing() && dialog.isShowing())
{
dialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
正如我在这个类中所展示的,我将进度对话框作为属性。每次我需要显示一个进度对话框时,我都会获得唯一的实例并创建一个新的ProgressDialog。
DialogSingleton.GetInstance().DialogShow(this, "My title here!");
当我完成后台任务时,我再次调用惟一实例并关闭它的对话框。
DialogSingleton.GetInstance().DialogDismiss(this);
我将后台任务状态保存在共享首选项中。当我旋转屏幕时,我问我是否有这个活动的任务运行:(onCreate)
if(Boolean.parseBoolean(preference.GetValue(IS_TASK_NAME_EXECUTED_KEY, "boolean").toString()))
{
DialogSingleton.GetInstance().DialogShow(this, "Checking credentials!");
} // preference object gets the info from shared preferences (my own implementation to get and put data to shared preferences) and IS_TASK_NAME_EXECUTED_KEY is the key to save this flag (flag to know if this activity has a background task already running).
当我开始运行后台任务时:
preference.AddValue(IS_TASK_NAME_EXECUTED_KEY, true, "boolean");
DialogSingleton.GetInstance().DialogShow(this, "My title here!");
当我完成运行后台任务:
preference.AddValue(IS_TASK_NAME_EXECUTED_KEY, false, "boolean");
DialogSingleton.GetInstance().DialogDismiss(ActivityName.this);
我希望这能有所帮助。