移动平均线 迭代器方法 在i处反转数组，简单地求i到n的均值。 使用列表推导式在运行中生成迷你数组。

x = np.random.randint(10, size=20)

def moving_average(arr, n):
    return [ (arr[:i+1][::-1][:n]).mean() for i, ele in enumerate(arr) ]
d = 5

moving_average(x, d)

张量卷积

moving_average = np.convolve(x, np.ones(d)/d, mode='valid')

这个使用Pandas的答案是从上面改编的，因为rolling_mean不再是Pandas的一部分了

# the recommended syntax to import pandas
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# prepare some fake data:
# the date-time indices:
t = pd.date_range('1/1/2010', '12/31/2012', freq='D')

# the data:
x = np.arange(0, t.shape[0])

# combine the data & index into a Pandas 'Series' object
D = pd.Series(x, t)

现在，只需要在窗口大小的数据框架上调用滚动函数，在下面的例子中，窗口大小是10天。

d_mva10 = D.rolling(10).mean()

# d_mva is the same size as the original Series
# though obviously the first w values are NaN where w is the window size
d_mva10[:11]

2010-01-01    NaN
2010-01-02    NaN
2010-01-03    NaN
2010-01-04    NaN
2010-01-05    NaN
2010-01-06    NaN
2010-01-07    NaN
2010-01-08    NaN
2010-01-09    NaN
2010-01-10    4.5
2010-01-11    5.5
Freq: D, dtype: float64

如果你想仔细考虑边缘条件(只从边缘的可用元素计算平均值)，下面的函数可以解决这个问题。

import numpy as np

def running_mean(x, N):
    out = np.zeros_like(x, dtype=np.float64)
    dim_len = x.shape[0]
    for i in range(dim_len):
        if N%2 == 0:
            a, b = i - (N-1)//2, i + (N-1)//2 + 2
        else:
            a, b = i - (N-1)//2, i + (N-1)//2 + 1

        #cap indices to min and max indices
        a = max(0, a)
        b = min(dim_len, b)
        out[i] = np.mean(x[a:b])
    return out

>>> running_mean(np.array([1,2,3,4]), 2)
array([1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4. ])

>>> running_mean(np.array([1,2,3,4]), 3)
array([1.5, 2. , 3. , 3.5])

通过比较下面的解决方案与使用cumsum of numpy的解决方案，这个解决方案几乎花费了一半的时间。这是因为它不需要遍历整个数组来做cumsum，然后做所有的减法。此外，如果数组很大且数量很大(可能溢出)，cumsum可能是“危险的”。当然，这里也存在危险，但至少我们只把重要的数字加在一起。

def moving_average(array_numbers, n):
    if n > len(array_numbers):
      return []
    temp_sum = sum(array_numbers[:n])
    averages = [temp_sum / float(n)]
    for first_index, item in enumerate(array_numbers[n:]):
        temp_sum += item - array_numbers[first_index]
        averages.append(temp_sum / float(n))
    return averages

下面是一个使用numba的快速实现(注意类型)。注意它确实包含移位的nan。

import numpy as np
import numba as nb

@nb.jit(nb.float64[:](nb.float64[:],nb.int64),
        fastmath=True,nopython=True)
def moving_average( array, window ):    
    ret = np.cumsum(array)
    ret[window:] = ret[window:] - ret[:-window]
    ma = ret[window - 1:] / window
    n = np.empty(window-1); n.fill(np.nan)
    return np.concatenate((n.ravel(), ma.ravel())) 

如果你已经有一个已知大小的数组

import numpy as np                                         
M=np.arange(12)
                                                               
avg=[]                                                         
i=0
while i<len(M)-2: #for n point average len(M) - (n-1)
        avg.append((M[i]+M[i+1]+M[i+2])/3) #n is denominator                       
        i+=1     
                                                                                                    
print(avg)