这里是我的一般实现，在给定一个范围为[0,B-1]的均匀发生器的情况下，生成范围为[0,N-1]的均匀。

public class RandomUnif {

    public static final int BASE_NUMBER = 5;

    private static Random rand = new Random();

    /** given generator, returns uniform integer in the range 0.. BASE_NUMBER-1
    public static int randomBASE() {
        return rand.nextInt(BASE_NUMBER);
    }

    /** returns uniform integer in the range 0..n-1 using randomBASE() */
    public static int randomUnif(int n) {
        int rand, factor;
        if( n <= 1 ) return 0;
        else if( n == BASE_NUMBER ) return randomBASE();
        if( n < BASE_NUMBER ) {
            factor = BASE_NUMBER / n;
            do
                rand = randomBASE() / factor;
            while(rand >= n);
            return rand;
        } else {
            factor = (n - 1) / BASE_NUMBER + 1;
            do {
                rand = factor * randomBASE() + randomUnif(factor);
            } while(rand >= n);
            return rand;
        }
    }
}

不是特别高效，但一般和紧凑。对基生成器的均值调用:

 n  calls
 2  1.250 
 3  1.644 
 4  1.252 
 5  1.000 
 6  3.763 
 7  3.185 
 8  2.821 
 9  2.495 
10  2.250 
11  3.646 
12  3.316 
13  3.060 
14  2.853 
15  2.650 
16  2.814 
17  2.644 
18  2.502 
19  2.361 
20  2.248 
21  2.382 
22  2.277 
23  2.175 
24  2.082 
25  2.000 
26  5.472 
27  5.280 
28  5.119 
29  4.899 

与Martin的答案相似，但却很少抛弃熵:

int rand7(void) {
  static int m = 1;
  static int r = 0;

  for (;;) {
    while (m <= INT_MAX / 5) {
      r = r + m * (rand5() - 1);
      m = m * 5;
    }
    int q = m / 7;
    if (r < q * 7) {
      int i = r % 7;
      r = r / 7;
      m = q;
      return i + 1;
    }
    r = r - q * 7;
    m = m - q * 7;
  }
}

在这里，我们在0到m-1之间建立一个随机值，并尝试通过添加尽可能多的状态来最大化m，而不会溢出(INT_MAX是C中适合int的最大值，或者您可以将其替换为任何在您的语言和体系结构中有意义的大值)。

然后;如果r落在能被7整除的最大可能区间内，那么它包含一个可行的结果，我们可以将这个区间除以7，取余数作为我们的结果，并将剩余的值返回到熵池。否则r在另一个不均匀的区间内我们就必须抛弃这个不拟合区间重新启动熵池。

与这里的流行答案相比，它调用rand5()的频率平均减少了一半。

为了提高性能，可以将除法分解为琐碎的比特旋转和lut。

function rand7() {
    while (true) { //lowest base 5 random number > 7 reduces memory
        int num = (rand5()-1)*5 + rand5()-1;
    if (num < 21)  // improves performance
        return 1 + num%7;
    }
}

Python代码:

from random import randint
def rand7():
    while(True):
        num = (randint(1, 5)-1)*5 + randint(1, 5)-1
        if num < 21:
                return 1 + num%7

100000次运行的测试分布:

>>> rnums = []
>>> for _ in range(100000):
    rnums.append(rand7())
>>> {n:rnums.count(n) for n in set(rnums)}
{1: 15648, 2: 15741, 3: 15681, 4: 15847, 5: 15642, 6: 15806, 7: 15635}

下面是一个利用c++ 11特性的答案

#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <random>

int main()
{
    std::random_device rd;
    unsigned long seed = rd();
    std::cout << "seed = " << seed << std::endl;

    std::mt19937 engine(seed);

    std::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(1, 5);
    auto rand5 = std::bind(dist, engine);

    const int n = 20;
    for (int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
    {
        std::cout << rand5() << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Use a lambda expression to define rand7
    auto rand7 = [&rand5]()->int
    {
        for (int result = 0; ; result = 0)
        {
            // Take advantage of the fact that
            // 5**6 = 15625 = 15624 + 1 = 7 * (2232) + 1.
            // So we only have to discard one out of every 15625 numbers generated.

            // Generate a 6-digit number in base 5
            for (int i = 0; i != 6; ++i)
            {
                result = 5 * result + (rand5() - 1);
            }

            // result is in the range [0, 15625)
            if (result == 15625 - 1)
            {
                // Discard this number
                continue;
            }

            // We now know that result is in the range [0, 15624), a range that can
            // be divided evenly into 7 buckets guaranteeing uniformity
            result /= 2232;
            return 1 + result;
        }
    };

    for (int i = 0; i != n; ++i)
    {
        std::cout << rand7() << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

在php中

function rand1to7() {
    do {
        $output_value = 0;
        for ($i = 0; $i < 28; $i++) {
            $output_value += rand1to5();
        }
    while ($output_value != 140);
    $output_value -= 12;
    return floor($output_value / 16);
}

循环生成16到127之间的随机数，除以16生成1到7.9375之间的浮点数，然后舍入得到1到7之间的整数。如果我没记错的话，得到7个结果中的任何一个的概率都是16/112。

这类似于@RobMcAfee，除了我使用魔术数字而不是2维数组。

int rand7() {
    int m = 1203068;
    int r = (m >> (rand5() - 1) * 5 + rand5() - 1) & 7;

    return (r > 0) ? r : rand7();
}