由于Python列表是基于零的，我们可以使用zip内置函数，如下所示：

>>> [i for i,j in zip(range(len(haystack)), haystack) if j == 'needle' ]

其中“干草堆”是问题列表，“针”是要查找的项目。

（注意：这里我们使用i进行迭代以获取索引，但如果我们需要关注项，我们可以切换到j。）

a = ["foo","bar","baz",'bar','any','much']

indexes = [index for index in range(len(a)) if a[index] == 'bar']

我发现这两种解决方案更好，我自己尝试过

>>> expences = [2200, 2350, 2600, 2130, 2190]
>>> 2000 in expences
False
>>> expences.index(2200)
0
>>> expences.index(2350)
1
>>> index = expences.index(2350)
>>> expences[index]
2350

>>> try:
...     print(expences.index(2100))
... except ValueError as e:
...     print(e)
... 
2100 is not in list
>>> 

使用字典，首先处理列表，然后将索引添加到其中

from collections import defaultdict

index_dict = defaultdict(list)    
word_list =  ['foo','bar','baz','bar','any', 'foo', 'much']

for word_index in range(len(word_list)) :
    index_dict[word_list[word_index]].append(word_index)

word_index_to_find = 'foo'       
print(index_dict[word_index_to_find])

# output :  [0, 5]

另一种选择

>>> a = ['red', 'blue', 'green', 'red']
>>> b = 'red'
>>> offset = 0;
>>> indices = list()
>>> for i in range(a.count(b)):
...     indices.append(a.index(b,offset))
...     offset = indices[-1]+1
... 
>>> indices
[0, 3]
>>> 

查找列表L中项目x的索引：

idx = L.index(x) if (x in L) else -1