这可能会帮助那些对选择速度算法感兴趣的人;最快的方法是(可能?)拒绝抽样。

只需在单位正方形内生成一个点，并拒绝它，直到它在圆内。如(伪代码),

def sample(r=1):
    while True:
        x = random(-1, 1)
        y = random(-1, 1)
        if x*x + y*y <= 1:
            return (x, y) * r

虽然有时它可能运行不止一次或两次(而且它不是常量时间，也不适合并行执行)，但它要快得多，因为它不使用像sin或cos这样复杂的公式。

Java解决方案和分发示例(2000分)

public void getRandomPointInCircle() {
    double t = 2 * Math.PI * Math.random();
    double r = Math.sqrt(Math.random());
    double x = r * Math.cos(t);
    double y = r * Math.sin(t);
    System.out.println(x);
    System.out.println(y);
}

基于以前的解决方案https://stackoverflow.com/a/5838055/5224246从@sigfpe

朴素解不起作用的原因是它给了靠近圆中心的点更高的概率密度。换句话说，半径为r/2的圆被选中点的概率为r/2，但它的面积(点的数量)为*r^2/4。

因此，我们希望半径概率密度具有以下性质:

选择半径小于或等于给定r的概率必须与半径为r的圆的面积成正比(因为我们希望在点上有一个均匀的分布，面积越大意味着点越多)。

换句话说，我们希望在[0,r]之间选择半径的概率等于它在圆的总面积中所占的份额。圆的总面积是*R^2，半径为R的圆的面积是*R^2。因此，我们希望在[0,r]之间选择半径的概率为(pi*r^2)/(pi* r^2) = r^2/ r^2。

现在来算算:

The probability of choosing a radius between [0,r] is the integral of p(r) dr from 0 to r (that's just because we add all the probabilities of the smaller radii). Thus we want integral(p(r)dr) = r^2/R^2. We can clearly see that R^2 is a constant, so all we need to do is figure out which p(r), when integrated would give us something like r^2. The answer is clearly r * constant. integral(r * constant dr) = r^2/2 * constant. This has to be equal to r^2/R^2, therefore constant = 2/R^2. Thus you have the probability distribution p(r) = r * 2/R^2

Note: Another more intuitive way to think about the problem is to imagine that you are trying to give each circle of radius r a probability density equal to the proportion of the number of points it has on its circumference. Thus a circle which has radius r will have 2 * pi * r "points" on its circumference. The total number of points is pi * R^2. Thus you should give the circle r a probability equal to (2 * pi * r) / (pi * R^2) = 2 * r/R^2. This is much easier to understand and more intuitive, but it's not quite as mathematically sound.

我认为在这种情况下，使用极坐标是一种使问题复杂化的方法，如果你在一个边长为2R的正方形中随机选择点，然后选择点(x,y)使x^2+y^2<=R^2，这将会容易得多。

这里有一个快速而简单的解决方案。

在(0,1)范围内选择两个随机数，即a和b。如果b < a，则交换它们。你的观点是(b * R * cos(2 *π* a / b), b * R * sin(2 *π* a / b))。

您可以这样考虑这个解决方案。如果你把圆切开，然后把它拉直，你会得到一个直角三角形。把这个三角形缩小，你会得到一个从(0,0)到(1,0)到(1,1)再回到(0,0)的三角形，所有这些变换都会均匀地改变密度。你所做的就是在三角形中随机取一个点然后反过来得到圆中的一个点。

我不知道这个问题是否还有新的答案，但我自己碰巧也遇到过同样的问题。我试着跟自己“讲道理”寻找解决办法，我找到了一个。这可能和一些人在这里提出的建议是一样的，但不管怎样，它是这样的:

in order for two elements of the circle's surface to be equal, assuming equal dr's, we must have dtheta1/dtheta2 = r2/r1. Writing expression of the probability for that element as P(r, theta) = P{ r1< r< r1 + dr, theta1< theta< theta + dtheta1} = f(r,theta)*dr*dtheta1, and setting the two probabilities (for r1 and r2) equal, we arrive to (assuming r and theta are independent) f(r1)/r1 = f(r2)/r2 = constant, which gives f(r) = c*r. And the rest, determining the constant c follows from the condition on f(r) being a PDF.