我一直在安卓SDK平台上工作，现在还不清楚如何保存应用程序的状态。因此，考虑到“你好，Android”示例的这个小的重新设计：
package com.android.hello;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class HelloAndroid extends Activity {
private TextView mTextView = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mTextView = new TextView(this);
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
mTextView.setText("Welcome to HelloAndroid!");
} else {
mTextView.setText("Welcome back.");
}
setContentView(mTextView);
}
}
我认为这对于最简单的情况来说已经足够了，但无论我如何离开应用程序，它总是以第一条消息来响应。
我确信解决方案就像重写onPause之类的东西一样简单，但我已经在文档中翻了大约30分钟，没有发现任何明显的东西。
虽然公认的答案是正确的，但有一种更快、更容易的方法可以使用名为Icepick的库在Android上保存“活动”状态。Icepick是一个注释处理器，它负责为您保存和恢复状态时使用的所有样板代码。
对Icepick:
class MainActivity extends Activity {
@State String username; // These will be automatically saved and restored
@State String password;
@State int age;
@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Icepick.restoreInstanceState(this, savedInstanceState);
}
@Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
Icepick.saveInstanceState(this, outState);
}
}
与执行以下操作相同：
class MainActivity extends Activity {
String username;
String password;
int age;
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
savedInstanceState.putString("MyString", username);
savedInstanceState.putString("MyPassword", password);
savedInstanceState.putInt("MyAge", age);
/* remember you would need to actually initialize these variables before putting it in the
Bundle */
}
@Override
public void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
username = savedInstanceState.getString("MyString");
password = savedInstanceState.getString("MyPassword");
age = savedInstanceState.getInt("MyAge");
}
}
Icepick可以处理任何使用Bundle保存其状态的对象。
Kotlin代码：
保存：
override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState.apply {
putInt("intKey", 1)
putString("stringKey", "String Value")
putParcelable("parcelableKey", parcelableObject)
})
}
然后在onCreate（）或onRestoreInstanceState（）中
val restoredInt = savedInstanceState?.getInt("intKey") ?: 1 //default int
val restoredString = savedInstanceState?.getString("stringKey") ?: "default string"
val restoredParcelable = savedInstanceState?.getParcelable<ParcelableClass>("parcelableKey") ?: ParcelableClass() //default parcelable
如果不想有Optionals，请添加默认值
科特林
必须重写onSaveInstanceState和onRestoreInstanceState以存储和检索要持久化的变量
生命周期图
存储变量
public override fun onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(savedInstanceState)
// prepare variables here
savedInstanceState.putInt("kInt", 10)
savedInstanceState.putBoolean("kBool", true)
savedInstanceState.putDouble("kDouble", 4.5)
savedInstanceState.putString("kString", "Hello Kotlin")
}
检索变量
public override fun onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState: Bundle) {
super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState)
val myInt = savedInstanceState.getInt("kInt")
val myBoolean = savedInstanceState.getBoolean("kBool")
val myDouble = savedInstanceState.getDouble("kDouble")
val myString = savedInstanceState.getString("kString")
// use variables here
}
