如果你想在测试/TDD环境中使用它，我认为这是一种标准方法:

from nose.tools import assert_almost_equals

assert_almost_equals(x, y, places=7) # The default is 7

I'm not aware of anything in the Python standard library (or elsewhere) that implements Dawson's AlmostEqual2sComplement function. If that's the sort of behaviour you want, you'll have to implement it yourself. (In which case, rather than using Dawson's clever bitwise hacks you'd probably do better to use more conventional tests of the form if abs(a-b) <= eps1*(abs(a)+abs(b)) + eps2 or similar. To get Dawson-like behaviour you might say something like if abs(a-b) <= eps*max(EPS,abs(a),abs(b)) for some small fixed EPS; this isn't exactly the same as Dawson, but it's similar in spirit.

Python 3.5增加了数学运算。Isclose和cmath。isclose函数如PEP 485所述。

如果您使用的是较早版本的Python，相应的函数在文档中给出。

def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0):
    return abs(a-b) <= max(rel_tol * max(abs(a), abs(b)), abs_tol)

Rel_tol是一个相对容差，它乘以两个参数的大小中较大的一个;当值变大时，它们之间允许的差异也会变大，但仍然认为它们相等。

Abs_tol是在所有情况下按原样应用的绝对容差。如果差值小于这些公差中的任何一个，则认为值相等。

如果你想在测试/TDD环境中使用它，我认为这是一种标准方法:

from nose.tools import assert_almost_equals

assert_almost_equals(x, y, places=7) # The default is 7

至于绝对误差，你可以检查一下

if abs(a - b) <= error:
    print("Almost equal")

一些关于Python中浮动行为怪异的信息: Python 3教程03 - if-else，逻辑运算符和初学者常犯的错误

你也可以用数学。相对误差接近。

不带atol/rtol与给定小数进行比较:

def almost_equal(a, b, decimal=6):
    return '{0:.{1}f}'.format(a, decimal) == '{0:.{1}f}'.format(b, decimal)

print(almost_equal(0.0, 0.0001, decimal=5)) # False
print(almost_equal(0.0, 0.0001, decimal=4)) # True