给定两个日期范围，确定两个日期是否重叠的最简单或最有效的方法是什么？
例如，假设我们有由DateTime变量StartDate1到EndDate1和StartDate2到EndDate2表示的范围。
当前回答
本文《.NET时间段库》通过枚举PeriodRelation描述了两个时间段之间的关系：
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
public enum PeriodRelation
{
After,
StartTouching,
StartInside,
InsideStartTouching,
EnclosingStartTouching,
Enclosing,
EnclosingEndTouching,
ExactMatch,
Inside,
InsideEndTouching,
EndInside,
EndTouching,
Before,
} // enum PeriodRelation
其他回答
这里还有一个使用JavaScript的解决方案。我的解决方案的特点：
将空值处理为无穷大假设下限是包含的，上限是不包含的。附带一系列测试
这些测试基于整数，但由于JavaScript中的日期对象是可比较的，因此您也可以添加两个日期对象。或者您可以输入毫秒时间戳。
代码：
/**
* Compares to comparable objects to find out whether they overlap.
* It is assumed that the interval is in the format [from,to) (read: from is inclusive, to is exclusive).
* A null value is interpreted as infinity
*/
function intervalsOverlap(from1, to1, from2, to2) {
return (to2 === null || from1 < to2) && (to1 === null || to1 > from2);
}
测验：
describe('', function() {
function generateTest(firstRange, secondRange, expected) {
it(JSON.stringify(firstRange) + ' and ' + JSON.stringify(secondRange), function() {
expect(intervalsOverlap(firstRange[0], firstRange[1], secondRange[0], secondRange[1])).toBe(expected);
});
}
describe('no overlap (touching ends)', function() {
generateTest([10,20], [20,30], false);
generateTest([20,30], [10,20], false);
generateTest([10,20], [20,null], false);
generateTest([20,null], [10,20], false);
generateTest([null,20], [20,30], false);
generateTest([20,30], [null,20], false);
});
describe('do overlap (one end overlaps)', function() {
generateTest([10,20], [19,30], true);
generateTest([19,30], [10,20], true);
generateTest([10,20], [null,30], true);
generateTest([10,20], [19,null], true);
generateTest([null,30], [10,20], true);
generateTest([19,null], [10,20], true);
});
describe('do overlap (one range included in other range)', function() {
generateTest([10,40], [20,30], true);
generateTest([20,30], [10,40], true);
generateTest([10,40], [null,null], true);
generateTest([null,null], [10,40], true);
});
describe('do overlap (both ranges equal)', function() {
generateTest([10,20], [10,20], true);
generateTest([null,20], [null,20], true);
generateTest([10,null], [10,null], true);
generateTest([null,null], [null,null], true);
});
});
使用karma&jasmine&PhantomJS运行时的结果：
PhantomJS 1.9.8（Linux）：执行20次成功（0.003秒/0.004秒）
这里有一个可以在本地使用的通用方法。
// Takes a list and returns all records that have overlapping time ranges.
public static IEnumerable<T> GetOverlappedTimes<T>(IEnumerable<T> list, Func<T, bool> filter, Func<T,DateTime> start, Func<T, DateTime> end)
{
// Selects all records that match filter() on left side and returns all records on right side that overlap.
var overlap = from t1 in list
where filter(t1)
from t2 in list
where !object.Equals(t1, t2) // Don't match the same record on right side.
let in1 = start(t1)
let out1 = end(t1)
let in2 = start(t2)
let out2 = end(t2)
where in1 <= out2 && out1 >= in2
let totover = GetMins(in1, out1, in2, out2)
select t2;
return overlap;
}
public static void TestOverlap()
{
var tl1 = new TempTimeEntry() { ID = 1, Name = "Bill", In = "1/1/08 1:00pm".ToDate(), Out = "1/1/08 4:00pm".ToDate() };
var tl2 = new TempTimeEntry() { ID = 2, Name = "John", In = "1/1/08 5:00pm".ToDate(), Out = "1/1/08 6:00pm".ToDate() };
var tl3 = new TempTimeEntry() { ID = 3, Name = "Lisa", In = "1/1/08 7:00pm".ToDate(), Out = "1/1/08 9:00pm".ToDate() };
var tl4 = new TempTimeEntry() { ID = 4, Name = "Joe", In = "1/1/08 3:00pm".ToDate(), Out = "1/1/08 8:00pm".ToDate() };
var tl5 = new TempTimeEntry() { ID = 1, Name = "Bill", In = "1/1/08 8:01pm".ToDate(), Out = "1/1/08 8:00pm".ToDate() };
var list = new List<TempTimeEntry>() { tl1, tl2, tl3, tl4, tl5 };
var overlap = GetOverlappedTimes(list, (TempTimeEntry t1)=>t1.ID==1, (TempTimeEntry tIn) => tIn.In, (TempTimeEntry tOut) => tOut.Out);
Console.WriteLine("\nRecords overlap:");
foreach (var tl in overlap)
Console.WriteLine("Name:{0} T1In:{1} T1Out:{2}", tl.Name, tl.In, tl.Out);
Console.WriteLine("Done");
/* Output:
Records overlap:
Name:Joe T1In:1/1/2008 3:00:00 PM T1Out:1/1/2008 8:00:00 PM
Name:Lisa T1In:1/1/2008 7:00:00 PM T1Out:1/1/2008 9:00:00 PM
Done
*/
}
这是我使用moment.js的javascript解决方案：
// Current row dates
var dateStart = moment("2014-08-01", "YYYY-MM-DD");
var dateEnd = moment("2014-08-30", "YYYY-MM-DD");
// Check with dates above
var rangeUsedStart = moment("2014-08-02", "YYYY-MM-DD");
var rangeUsedEnd = moment("2014-08-015", "YYYY-MM-DD");
// Range covers other ?
if((dateStart <= rangeUsedStart) && (rangeUsedEnd <= dateEnd)) {
return false;
}
// Range intersects with other start ?
if((dateStart <= rangeUsedStart) && (rangeUsedStart <= dateEnd)) {
return false;
}
// Range intersects with other end ?
if((dateStart <= rangeUsedEnd) && (rangeUsedEnd <= dateEnd)) {
return false;
}
// All good
return true;
public static class NumberExtensionMethods
{
public static Boolean IsBetween(this Int64 value, Int64 Min, Int64 Max)
{
if (value >= Min && value <= Max) return true;
else return false;
}
public static Boolean IsBetween(this DateTime value, DateTime Min, DateTime Max)
{
Int64 numricValue = value.Ticks;
Int64 numericStartDate = Min.Ticks;
Int64 numericEndDate = Max.Ticks;
if (numricValue.IsBetween(numericStartDate, numericEndDate) )
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
public static Boolean IsOverlap(DateTime startDate1, DateTime endDate1, DateTime startDate2, DateTime endDate2)
{
Int64 numericStartDate1 = startDate1.Ticks;
Int64 numericEndDate1 = endDate1.Ticks;
Int64 numericStartDate2 = startDate2.Ticks;
Int64 numericEndDate2 = endDate2.Ticks;
if (numericStartDate2.IsBetween(numericStartDate1, numericEndDate1) ||
numericEndDate2.IsBetween(numericStartDate1, numericEndDate1) ||
numericStartDate1.IsBetween(numericStartDate2, numericEndDate2) ||
numericEndDate1.IsBetween(numericStartDate2, numericEndDate2))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
if (IsOverlap(startdate1, enddate1, startdate2, enddate2))
{
Console.WriteLine("IsOverlap");
}
通过简单地确保一个范围在另一个范围之前或同时开始，可以大大简化基于范围之间的关系来检查大量条件的所有解决方案。如果需要，您可以在前面交换范围。
然后，如果第二个范围开始是：
小于或等于第一范围结束（如果包含范围，则包含开始时间和结束时间）；或小于（如果范围包括开始，不包括结束）。
例如（假设两端都包含），范围2只有四种可能性，其中一种是不重叠的（范围末尾的>表示范围结束的位置无关紧要）：
|-----| range 1, lines below are all range 2.
|--> : overlap.
|--> : overlap.
|---> overlap (no overlap in exclusive-of-end case).
|---> no overlap.
第二个范围的端点根本不会影响结果。因此，在伪代码中，您可以执行以下操作（假设s<=e适用于所有范围-如果不适用，您也可以进行顶部交换）：
def overlaps(r1, r2):
if r1.s > r2.s:
swap r1, r2
return r2.s <= r1.e
或者，一级限制递归选项：
def overlaps(r1, r2):
if r1.s <= r2.s:
return r2.s <= r1.e
return overlaps(r2, r1)
如果范围在最后是排他的，则只需在返回的表达式中（在两个代码片段中）将<=替换为<即可。
这大大限制了您必须进行的检查的数量，因为您通过确保第一个范围不会在第二个范围之后开始，提前删除了一半的问题空间。
而且，由于“代码说话”，这里有一些Python代码在实际操作中显示了这一点，其中包含了相当多的测试用例。首先，InclusiveRange类：
class InclusiveRange:
"""InclusiveRange class to represent a lower and upper bound."""
def __init__(self, start, end):
"""Initialisation, ensures start <= end.
Args:
start: The start of the range.
end: The end of the range.
"""
self.start = min(start, end)
self.end = max(start, end)
def __repr__(self):
"""Return representation for f-string."""
return f"({self.start}, {self.end})"
def overlaps(self, other):
"""True if range overlaps with another.
Args:
other: The other InclusiveRange to check against.
"""
# Very limited recursion to ensure start of first range
# isn't after start of second.
if self.start > other.start:
return other.overlaps(self)
# Greatly simplified check for overlap.
return other.start <= self.end
然后是一个测试用例处理程序，允许我们很好地呈现单个测试用例的结果：
def test_case(range1, range2):
"""Single test case checker."""
# Get low and high value for "graphic" output.
low = min(range1.start, range2.start)
high = max(range1.end, range2.end)
# Output ranges and graphic.
print(f"r1={range1} r2={range2}: ", end="")
for val in range(low, high + 1):
is_in_first = range1.start <= val <= range1.end
is_in_second = range2.start <= val <= range2.end
if is_in_first and is_in_second:
print("|", end="")
elif is_in_first:
print("'", end="")
elif is_in_second:
print(",", end="")
else:
print(" ", end="")
# Finally, output result of overlap check.
print(f" - {range1.overlaps(range2)}\n")
最后，如果需要，可以添加自己的测试用例：
# Various test cases, add others if you doubt the correctness.
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 1), InclusiveRange(8, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 4), InclusiveRange(5, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 4), InclusiveRange(4, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 7), InclusiveRange(2, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 4), InclusiveRange(0, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 9), InclusiveRange(4, 5))
test_case(InclusiveRange(8, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 1))
test_case(InclusiveRange(5, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 4))
test_case(InclusiveRange(4, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 4))
test_case(InclusiveRange(2, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 7))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 4))
test_case(InclusiveRange(0, 9), InclusiveRange(0, 9))
test_case(InclusiveRange(4, 5), InclusiveRange(0, 9))
产生输出的运行：
r1=(0, 1) r2=(8, 9): '' ,, - False
r1=(0, 4) r2=(5, 9): ''''',,,,, - False
r1=(0, 4) r2=(4, 9): ''''|,,,,, - True
r1=(0, 7) r2=(2, 9): ''||||||,, - True
r1=(0, 4) r2=(0, 9): |||||,,,,, - True
r1=(0, 9) r2=(0, 9): |||||||||| - True
r1=(0, 9) r2=(4, 5): ''''||'''' - True
r1=(8, 9) r2=(0, 1): ,, '' - False
r1=(5, 9) r2=(0, 4): ,,,,,''''' - False
r1=(4, 9) r2=(0, 4): ,,,,|''''' - True
r1=(2, 9) r2=(0, 7): ,,||||||'' - True
r1=(0, 9) r2=(0, 4): |||||''''' - True
r1=(0, 9) r2=(0, 9): |||||||||| - True
r1=(4, 5) r2=(0, 9): ,,,,||,,,, - True
其中每条线具有：
这两个范围被评估；“范围空间”（从最低开始到最高结束）的图形表示，其中每个字符都是“范围空间中的值”：'仅表示第一个范围内的值；，仅指示第二范围内的值；|表示两个范围中的值；和表示两个范围中的值。重叠检查的结果。
您可以非常清楚地看到，只有在两个范围中都至少有一个值（即，一个|字符）时，才能在重叠检查中获得真值。其他情况都是假的。
如果您想添加更多测试用例，请随意使用任何其他值。
推荐文章
- 解析日期字符串并更改格式
- HyperLogLog算法是如何工作的?
- 在Java中转换字符串到日历对象
- ZoneOffset之间的区别是什么。UTC和ZoneId.of(“UTC”)?
- 如何检查DST(日光节约时间)是否有效，如果是，偏移量?
- 单元测试:日期时间。现在
- 如何计算线段的法向量?
- 你能解释一下流的概念吗?
- 存在类型是什么?
- SQL Developer只返回日期，而不是时间。我怎么解决这个问题?
- 编程中的术语“上下文”?
- 在mongodb中存储日期/时间的最佳方法
- 在Android应用程序中显示当前时间和日期
- 字符串不能识别为有效的日期时间“格式dd/MM/yyyy”
- 如何转换日期时间?将日期时间
