我有一个纯JavaScript承诺(内置实现或poly-fill):
var promise = new promise(函数(解析，拒绝){/*…* /});
从规范来看，Promise可以是:
" settle "和" resolved " “解决”和“拒绝” “等待”
我有一个用例，我希望同步审问承诺并确定:
承诺达成了吗? 如果是，承诺解决了吗?
我知道我可以使用#then()来安排在Promise改变状态后异步执行的工作。我不是在问你该怎么做。
这个问题是关于Promise状态的同步询问。我怎样才能做到这一点呢?
当前回答
你可以和Promise.resolve赛跑 它不是同步的，但现在就发生了
function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
(typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
}else {
(typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
}
}, function(reason) {
(typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
});
}
一个用于测试的小脚本，并理解异步的含义
var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
return msg;//for chaining promises
};
function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}
function delay(ms) {
return function (value) {
var startTime = Date.now();
while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
return value;//for chaining promises
};
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');
var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");
p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));
promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));
p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');
延迟(0)的结果(注释在延迟中的while)
00001 end of promises
00001 end of script
00001 Level 1 : One
00001 Level 1 : Three
00001 p1 Is Resolved One
00001 p2 Is Pending undefined
00001 p3 Is Rejected Three
00001 Level 2 : One
00001 Level 2 : Three
00001 delayed L3 : Three
00002 Level 3 : One
00002 Level 3 : Three
00006 timeOut 0 ms
00100 timeOut 100 ms
00100 Level 1 : Two
00100 Level 2 : Two
00101 Level 3 : Two
00189 timeOut 200 ms
与firefox(chrome保持顺序)测试的结果
00000 end of promises
00100 end of script
00300 Level 1 : One
00300 Level 1 : Three
00400 p1 Is Resolved One
00400 p2 Is Pending undefined
00400 p3 Is Rejected Three
00400 Level 2 : One
00400 Level 2 : Three
00400 delayed L3 : Three
00400 Level 3 : One
00400 Level 3 : Three
00406 timeOut 0 ms
00406 timeOut 100 ms
00406 timeOut 200 ms
00406 Level 1 : Two
00407 Level 2 : Two
00407 Level 3 : Two
promise estate make .race and .then:第二级
其他回答
警告:process.binding(“跑龙套”)。节点16上的getPromiseDetails未定义!
基准:
候选人:
/**
* https://stackoverflow.com/a/47009572/5318303
*/
const isPromisePending1 = (() => { // noinspection JSUnresolvedFunction
const util = process.binding('util') // noinspection JSUnresolvedFunction
return promise => !util.getPromiseDetails(promise)[0]
})()
/**
* https://stackoverflow.com/a/35852666/5318303
*/
const isPromisePending2 = (promise) => util.inspect(promise) === 'Promise { <pending> }'
/**
* https://stackoverflow.com/a/35820220/5318303
*/
const isPromisePending3 = (promise) => {
const t = {}
return Promise.race([promise, t])
.then(v => v === t, () => false)
}
测试的承诺:
const a = Promise.resolve()
const b = Promise.reject()
const c = new Promise(() => {})
const x = (async () => 1)()
运行基准:
const n = 1000000
console.time('isPromisePending1')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
isPromisePending1(a)
isPromisePending1(b)
isPromisePending1(c)
isPromisePending1(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending1')
console.time('isPromisePending2')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
isPromisePending2(a)
isPromisePending2(b)
isPromisePending2(c)
isPromisePending2(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending2')
console.time('isPromisePending3')
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
await isPromisePending3(a)
await isPromisePending3(b)
await isPromisePending3(c)
await isPromisePending3(x)
}
console.timeEnd('isPromisePending3')
结果:
isPromisePending1: 440.694ms
isPromisePending2: 3.354s
isPromisePending3: 4.761s
显然isPromisePending1()太快了(8~10倍)!但它在节点16上不可用!(见上述警告)。
您可以扩展Promise类来创建一个新的可查询的Promise 类。
您可以通过继承本机可用的Promise类来创建自己的子类，比如QueryablePromise，它的实例上有一个可用的status属性，您可以使用该属性同步查询Promise对象的状态。它的实现可以在下面看到，或者参考这个来获得更好的解释。
class QueryablePromise extends Promise { constructor (executor) { super((resolve, reject) => executor( data => { resolve(data) this._status = 'Resolved' }, err => { reject(err) this._status = 'Rejected' }, )) this._status = 'Pending' } get status () { return this._status } } // Create a promise that resolves after 5 sec var myQueryablePromise = new QueryablePromise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => resolve(), 5000) }) // Log the status of the above promise every 500ms setInterval(() => { console.log(myQueryablePromise.status) }, 500)
似乎没有人想出一个不需要任何技巧的最简单的解决方案:
定义一个变量来指示承诺正在运行 在promise中添加.finally子句，将变量设置为false(可以在promise创建后的任何时间执行) 之后，在代码中检查上述变量是否为真或假，以查看Promise是否仍在运行。
如果你不只是想知道它是否完成了，那么除了.finally之外，还要添加.then和.catch子句，将变量设置为"resolved"或"rejected"。
唯一的缺点是，在添加子句时，状态变量不会立即(同步地)设置，以防承诺已经完成。因此，最好将其添加到创建承诺后最早的位置。
例子:
async function worker(){
// wait a very short period of time
await (new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)))
//...
}
const w1=worker()
let w1_running=true
w1.finally( ()=> {w1_running=false});
//...
//Then check if it's running
(async ()=>{
while(true){
if (w1_running) {
console.log("Still Busy :(")
} else {
console.log("All done :)")
break
}
await (new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10)))
}
})()
// Note we need some async action started otherwise the event loop would never reach the code in the function `worker` or in the `.finally` clause
你可以和Promise.resolve赛跑 它不是同步的，但现在就发生了
function promiseState(p, isPending, isResolved, isRejected) {
Promise.race([p, Promise.resolve('a value that p should not return')]).then(function(value) {
if (value == 'a value that p should not return') {
(typeof(isPending) === 'function') && isPending();
}else {
(typeof(isResolved) === 'function') && isResolved(value);
}
}, function(reason) {
(typeof(isRejected) === 'function') && isRejected(reason);
});
}
一个用于测试的小脚本，并理解异步的含义
var startTime = Date.now() - 100000;//padding trick "100001".slice(1) => 00001
function log(msg) {
console.log((""+(Date.now() - startTime)).slice(1) + ' ' + msg);
return msg;//for chaining promises
};
function prefix(pref) { return function (value) { log(pref + value); return value; };}
function delay(ms) {
return function (value) {
var startTime = Date.now();
while(Date.now() - startTime < ms) {}
return value;//for chaining promises
};
}
setTimeout(log, 0,'timeOut 0 ms');
setTimeout(log, 100,'timeOut 100 ms');
setTimeout(log, 200,'timeOut 200 ms');
var p1 = Promise.resolve('One');
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "Two"); });
var p3 = Promise.reject("Three");
p3.catch(delay(200)).then(delay(100)).then(prefix('delayed L3 : '));
promiseState(p1, prefix('p1 Is Pending '), prefix('p1 Is Resolved '), prefix('p1 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p2, prefix('p2 Is Pending '), prefix('p2 Is Resolved '), prefix('p2 Is Rejected '));
promiseState(p3, prefix('p3 Is Pending '), prefix('p3 Is Resolved '), prefix('p3 Is Rejected '));
p1.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p2.then(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
p3.catch(prefix('Level 1 : ')).then(prefix('Level 2 : ')).then(prefix('Level 3 : '));
log('end of promises');
delay(100)();
log('end of script');
延迟(0)的结果(注释在延迟中的while)
00001 end of promises
00001 end of script
00001 Level 1 : One
00001 Level 1 : Three
00001 p1 Is Resolved One
00001 p2 Is Pending undefined
00001 p3 Is Rejected Three
00001 Level 2 : One
00001 Level 2 : Three
00001 delayed L3 : Three
00002 Level 3 : One
00002 Level 3 : Three
00006 timeOut 0 ms
00100 timeOut 100 ms
00100 Level 1 : Two
00100 Level 2 : Two
00101 Level 3 : Two
00189 timeOut 200 ms
与firefox(chrome保持顺序)测试的结果
00000 end of promises
00100 end of script
00300 Level 1 : One
00300 Level 1 : Three
00400 p1 Is Resolved One
00400 p2 Is Pending undefined
00400 p3 Is Rejected Three
00400 Level 2 : One
00400 Level 2 : Three
00400 delayed L3 : Three
00400 Level 3 : One
00400 Level 3 : Three
00406 timeOut 0 ms
00406 timeOut 100 ms
00406 timeOut 200 ms
00406 Level 1 : Two
00407 Level 2 : Two
00407 Level 3 : Two
promise estate make .race and .then:第二级
老问题有很多答案，但似乎没有一个建议我认为是最简单的解决方案:在承诺解决/拒绝上设置bool指示器。
类Promise2 { 构造函数(args) { let promise = new promise(…args); promise.then(() => promise。_resolved_ = true); promise.catch(() => promise。_rejected_ = true); 返回的诺言; ｝ ｝ let p = new promise (r => setTimeout(r, 3000)); setInterval(() => { Console.log('正在同步检查p是否已解析?”,p._resolved_); }, 1000);
