如果给你一堆垃圾，你似乎陷入了一种永久的清理状态，你知道任何新功能或代码的添加都会破坏当前的设置，因为当前的软件就像一个纸牌屋，你会怎么做? 那么我们如何进行单元测试呢?

从小事开始。我刚加入的项目直到几个月前才开始进行单元测试。当覆盖率如此之低时，我们将简单地选择一个没有覆盖率的文件并单击“添加测试”。

现在我们已经达到了40%以上，我们已经成功地摘走了大部分容易摘到的果实。

(最好的部分是，即使在这样低的覆盖率水平上，我们已经遇到了许多代码做错误事情的实例，并且测试发现了它。这是促使人们增加更多测试的巨大动力。)

在单元测试和TDD的哲学优势方面，这里有一些关键的“灯泡”观察，这些观察在我试探性地走上TDD启蒙之路的第一步时打动了我(没有原创或一定是新闻)……

TDD does NOT mean writing twice the amount of code. Test code is typically fairly quick and painless to write and is a key part of your design process and critically. TDD helps you to realize when to stop coding! Your tests give you confidence that you've done enough for now and can stop tweaking and move on to the next thing. The tests and the code work together to achieve better code. Your code could be bad / buggy. Your TEST could be bad / buggy. In TDD you are banking on the chances of BOTH being bad / buggy being fairly low. Often its the test that needs fixing but that's still a good outcome. TDD helps with coding constipation. You know that feeling that you have so much to do you barely know where to start? It's Friday afternoon, if you just procrastinate for a couple more hours... TDD allows you to flesh out very quickly what you think you need to do, and gets your coding moving quickly. Also, like lab rats, I think we all respond to that big green light and work harder to see it again! In a similar vein, these designer types can SEE what they're working on. They can wander off for a juice / cigarette / iphone break and return to a monitor that immediately gives them a visual cue as to where they got to. TDD gives us something similar. It's easier to see where we got to when life intervenes... I think it was Fowler who said: "Imperfect tests, run frequently, are much better than perfect tests that are never written at all". I interprete this as giving me permission to write tests where I think they'll be most useful even if the rest of my code coverage is woefully incomplete. TDD helps in all kinds of surprising ways down the line. Good unit tests can help document what something is supposed to do, they can help you migrate code from one project to another and give you an unwarranted feeling of superiority over your non-testing colleagues :)

这篇演讲很好地介绍了测试所需要的所有内容。

首先，无论是谈论单元测试还是其他类型的自动化测试(集成、加载、UI测试等)，与您所建议的关键区别在于它是自动化的、可重复的，并且不需要消耗任何人力资源(=没有人需要执行测试，它们通常按下按钮就可以运行)。

单元测试与“只是打开一个新项目并测试这个特定的代码”的主要区别在于它是自动化的，因此是可重复的。

如果您手动测试代码，它可能会使您相信代码在当前状态下工作得很完美。但一周后，当你对它做了轻微的修改时呢?您是否愿意在代码发生任何更改时再次手工重新测试?很可能不会:-(

但是，如果您可以在任何时间运行您的测试，只需单击一下，以完全相同的方式，在几秒钟内，那么一旦有什么东西坏了，它们就会立即显示给您。如果您还将单元测试集成到您的自动化构建过程中，即使在看似完全无关的更改破坏了代码库中遥远部分的某些情况下，它们也会提醒您错误——当您甚至不会想到需要重新测试特定的功能时。

这是单元测试相对于手工测试的主要优势。但等等，还有更多:

unit tests shorten the development feedback loop dramatically: with a separate testing department it may take weeks for you to know that there is a bug in your code, by which time you have already forgotten much of the context, thus it may take you hours to find and fix the bug; OTOH with unit tests, the feedback cycle is measured in seconds, and the bug fix process is typically along the lines of an "oh sh*t, I forgot to check for that condition here" :-) unit tests effectively document (your understanding of) the behaviour of your code unit testing forces you to reevaluate your design choices, which results in simpler, cleaner design

反过来，单元测试框架使您更容易编写和运行测试。

测试驱动开发在某种程度上取代了单元测试这个术语。作为一个老手，我会提到它的更一般的定义。

单元测试还意味着测试一个较大系统中的单个组件。这个组件可以是dll、exe、类库等。它甚至可以是多系统应用程序中的单个系统。因此，单元测试最终是对一个更大系统的单个部分进行测试。

然后，您可以通过测试所有组件如何一起工作来进行集成测试或系统测试。

如果你想使用Kent Beck推广的TDD方法开发项目，像NUnit、xUnit或JUnit这样的库是必须的:

你可以阅读《测试驱动开发介绍》(TDD)或Kent Beck的《测试驱动开发:举例说明》。

然后，如果你想确保你的测试覆盖了代码中“好的”部分，你可以使用NCover、JCover、PartCover或其他软件。它们会告诉你代码的覆盖率。取决于你对TDD的熟练程度，你会知道你是否已经很好地练习了它:)