还有另一种方法可以复制一个直到现在才列出的列表：添加一个空列表：l2=l+[]。

我用Python 3.8测试了它：

l = [1,2,3]
l2 = l + []
print(l,l2)
l[0] = 'a'
print(l,l2)

这不是最好的答案，但它奏效了。

让我惊讶的是，这还没有被提及，所以为了完整起见。。。

您可以使用“splat operator”：*执行列表解包，这也将复制列表的元素。

old_list = [1, 2, 3]

new_list = [*old_list]

new_list.append(4)
old_list == [1, 2, 3]
new_list == [1, 2, 3, 4]

这种方法的明显缺点是它仅在Python 3.5+中可用。

尽管从时间上看，这似乎比其他常用方法表现得更好。

x = [random.random() for _ in range(1000)]

%timeit a = list(x)
%timeit a = x.copy()
%timeit a = x[:]

%timeit a = [*x]

#: 2.47 µs ± 38.1 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)
#: 2.47 µs ± 54.6 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)
#: 2.39 µs ± 58.2 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

#: 2.22 µs ± 43.2 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

deepcopy选项是唯一适用于我的方法：

from copy import deepcopy

a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]   ]
b = deepcopy(a)
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Deep:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]   ]
b = a*1
b[0][1]=[3]
print('*1:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ] ]
b = a[:]
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Vector copy:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = list(a)
b[0][1]=[3]
print('List copy:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = a.copy()
b[0][1]=[3]
print('.copy():')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')
a = [   [ list(range(1, 3)) for i in range(3) ]  ]
b = a
b[0][1]=[3]
print('Shallow:')
print(a)
print(b)
print('-----------------------------')

导致输出：

Deep:
[[[1, 2], [1, 2], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
*1:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
Vector copy:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
List copy:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
.copy():
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------
Shallow:
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
[[[1, 2], [3], [1, 2]]]
-----------------------------

菲利克斯已经给出了一个很好的答案，但我想我应该对各种方法进行速度比较：

10.59秒（105.9µs/itn）-copy.depcopy（旧列表）10.16秒（101.6µs/itn）-纯Python Copy（）方法使用deepcopy复制类1.488秒（14.88µs/itn）-纯Python Copy（）方法不复制类（仅dicts/lists/tuples）0.325秒（3.25µs/itn）-对于old_list:new_list.append（项目）中的项目0.217秒（2.17µs/itn）-[i代表old_list]（列表理解）0.186秒（1.86µs/itn）-复制副本（old_list）0.075秒（0.75µs/itn）-列表（旧列表）0.053秒（0.53µs/itn）-新列表=[]；新列表扩展（旧列表）0.039秒（0.39µs/itn）-old_list[：]（列表切片）

所以最快的是列表切片。但请注意，与copy.deepcopy（）和python版本不同，copy.copy（）、list[：]和list（list）不会复制列表中的任何列表、字典和类实例，因此如果原始列表发生变化，它们也会在复制的列表中发生变化，反之亦然。

（如果有人感兴趣或想提出任何问题，以下是脚本：）

from copy import deepcopy

class old_class:
    def __init__(self):
        self.blah = 'blah'

class new_class(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.blah = 'blah'

dignore = {str: None, unicode: None, int: None, type(None): None}

def Copy(obj, use_deepcopy=True):
    t = type(obj)

    if t in (list, tuple):
        if t == tuple:
            # Convert to a list if a tuple to
            # allow assigning to when copying
            is_tuple = True
            obj = list(obj)
        else:
            # Otherwise just do a quick slice copy
            obj = obj[:]
            is_tuple = False

        # Copy each item recursively
        for x in xrange(len(obj)):
            if type(obj[x]) in dignore:
                continue
            obj[x] = Copy(obj[x], use_deepcopy)

        if is_tuple:
            # Convert back into a tuple again
            obj = tuple(obj)

    elif t == dict:
        # Use the fast shallow dict copy() method and copy any
        # values which aren't immutable (like lists, dicts etc)
        obj = obj.copy()
        for k in obj:
            if type(obj[k]) in dignore:
                continue
            obj[k] = Copy(obj[k], use_deepcopy)

    elif t in dignore:
        # Numeric or string/unicode?
        # It's immutable, so ignore it!
        pass

    elif use_deepcopy:
        obj = deepcopy(obj)
    return obj

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import copy
    from time import time

    num_times = 100000
    L = [None, 'blah', 1, 543.4532,
         ['foo'], ('bar',), {'blah': 'blah'},
         old_class(), new_class()]

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        Copy(L)
    print 'Custom Copy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        Copy(L, use_deepcopy=False)
    print 'Custom Copy Only Copying Lists/Tuples/Dicts (no classes):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        copy.copy(L)
    print 'copy.copy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        copy.deepcopy(L)
    print 'copy.deepcopy:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        L[:]
    print 'list slicing [:]:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        list(L)
    print 'list(L):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        [i for i in L]
    print 'list expression(L):', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        a.extend(L)
    print 'list extend:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        for y in L:
            a.append(y)
    print 'list append:', time()-t

    t = time()
    for i in xrange(num_times):
        a = []
        a.extend(i for i in L)
    print 'generator expression extend:', time()-t

Python 3.6计时

下面是使用Python 3.6.8的计时结果。请记住，这些时间是相对的，而不是绝对的。

我坚持只做浅层复制，还添加了一些在Python 2中不可能的新方法，例如list.copy（）（Python 3切片的等价物）和两种形式的列表解包（*new_list，=list和new_list=[*list]）：

METHOD                TIME TAKEN
b = [*a]               2.75180600000021
b = a * 1              3.50215399999990
b = a[:]               3.78278899999986  # Python 2 winner (see above)
b = a.copy()           4.20556500000020  # Python 3 "slice equivalent" (see above)
b = []; b.extend(a)    4.68069800000012
b = a[0:len(a)]        6.84498999999959
*b, = a                7.54031799999984
b = list(a)            7.75815899999997
b = [i for i in a]    18.4886440000000
b = copy.copy(a)      18.8254879999999
b = []
for item in a:
  b.append(item)      35.4729199999997

我们可以看到，Python 2的获胜者仍然表现出色，但并没有远远超过Python 3 list.copy（），特别是考虑到后者的出色可读性。

黑马是拆包和重新包装方法（b=[*a]），它比原始切片快约25%，比其他拆包方法（*b，=a）快两倍多。

b=a*1的表现也出奇地好。

请注意，这些方法不会为列表以外的任何输入输出等效结果。它们都适用于可切片对象，少数适用于任何可迭代对象，但只有copy.copy（）适用于更一般的Python对象。

以下是相关方的测试代码（此处的模板）：

import timeit

COUNT = 50000000
print("Array duplicating. Tests run", COUNT, "times")
setup = 'a = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]; import copy'

print("b = list(a)\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = list(a)', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = copy.copy(a)\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = copy.copy(a)', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = a.copy()\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = a.copy()', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = a[:]\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = a[:]', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = a[0:len(a)]\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = a[0:len(a)]', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("*b, = a\t\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='*b, = a', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = []; b.extend(a)\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = []; b.extend(a)', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = []; for item in a: b.append(item)\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = []\nfor item in a:  b.append(item)', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = [i for i in a]\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = [i for i in a]', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = [*a]\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = [*a]', setup=setup, number=COUNT))
print("b = a * 1\t\t", timeit.timeit(stmt='b = a * 1', setup=setup, number=COUNT))

Python的习惯用法是newList=oldList[：]